All posts by : chebby

Many people think of the Internet as separate from the physical world. This is simply not the case–crime on the Internet is closely tied to crime in the physical world. There are a couple of reasons for this cautionary note. A crime on the Internet usually reflects a crime in the physical world, with human perpetrators. and victims and should be treated with the same gravity. To neglect the very real and direct link between people and the online activities that involve them limits one’s ability to investigate and understand crimes with an online component.

Students think about the impact of auction and check fraud in this modern era of digital shopping. This about how a combination of evidence from the virtual and physical worlds is used to apprehend a criminal.

MSDF-630: Case Study

Case Example inspired by a case in (Casey, 2011)

A buyer on Amazon complained to police that he sent payment to a seller but received no merchandise. The seller requested that the buyer also send a cashier’s check for shipping and additional costs. Over a period of weeks, several dozen similar reports were made to the Internet Fraud Complaint Center against the same seller. To hide his identity, the seller used a Gmail account for online communications and several mail drops to receive checks. Logs obtained from Gmail revealed that the seller was accessing the Internet through a subsidiary of AT&T. When served with a subpoena, AT&T disclosed the suspect’s Google account and associated address, credit card, and telephone numbers. Investigators also obtained information from the suspect’s bank with a subpoena to determine that the cashier’s checks from the buyers had been deposited into the suspect’s bank account. A subpoena to Amazon for customer order history and complaints and supporting evidence from each of the buyers helped corroborate direct connections between the suspect and the fraudulent activities. Employees at each mail drop recognized a photograph of the suspect obtained from the Department of Motor Vehicles. A subpoena to the credit card number and a search of real estate property indicated where he conducted most of his fraud. A 3rd company revealed the suspect’s Social Security the suspect’s name turned up an alternate residence the opportunity to uncover crimes in the physical Internet.

Question 1 – Following the Cybertrail

Comment on the interconnectedness of the digital world. To what extent does cyber-criminal have anonymity in their transactions? Be detailed in your response. 

Question 2 – Following the Cybertrail

By what means of your expertise in MSDF-630 provide a critical forensic investigation approach that will play a key role in protecting consumers in this scenario from digital fraud such as this?

 1. 500 words:

Chapter 9 Cluster Analysis

Answer the following questions in a point by point fashion.  NOT an essay. Please ensure to use the Author, YYYY APA citations with any content brought into the assignment.  

1. For sparse data, discuss why considering only the presence of non-zero values might give a more accurate view of the objects than considering the actual magnitudes of values. When would such an approach not to be desirable?
2. Describe the change in the time complexity of K-means as the number of clusters to be found increases.
3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of treating clustering as an optimization problem. Among other factors, consider efficiency, non-determinism, and whether an optimization-based approach captures all types of clusterings that are of interest.
4. What is the time and space complexity of fuzzy c-means? Of SOM? How do these complexities compare to those of K-means?
5. Explain the difference between likelihood and probability.
6. Give an example of a set of clusters in which merging based on the closeness of clusters leads to a more natural set of clusters than merging based on the strength of the connection (interconnectedness) of clusters.

Requirement: 

Provide a question and Answer Paper with six (6) Questions specifically answered one after the other 

You must use properly formatted APA in-text citations and scholarly references. NO Copying and Pasting from the Internet or other past student paper. There is no redo for plagiarism. 

2. 250 Words:

Consider the mean of a cluster of objects from a binary transaction data set.

1. What are the minimum and maximum values of the components of the mean?

2. What is the interpretation of components of the cluster mean?

3. Which components most accurately characterize the objects in the cluster?

Please clearly LIST your response out to all THREE (3) questions and ensure to cite the specific article with the binary transaction of data set. I will be examing this for myself and other students should verify this as well. Provide the Author, YYYY  and specific page number, with any content brought into the discussion.

Q1  Network Access Control. (600 – 800 WORDS)

     1 a.  Explain how it is relevant to network security.  Be as clear as you can in explaining your topic by using examples, software, hardware, etc. ( 200 words).

Write about Operation security Course Importance ( covering segregation of duties, Enterprise data breach causes, challenges )

Should be in APA format with references around 500 words. 

How do you feel blockchain will change the global economy or will it?  Explain your answer.

Please make your initial post and two response posts substantive. A substantive post will do at least two of the following:

• Ask an interesting, thoughtful question pertaining to the topic
• Answer a question (in detail) posted by another student or the instructor
• Provide extensive additional information on the topic
• Explain, define, or analyze the topic in detail
• Share an applicable personal experience
• Provide an outside source (for example, an article from the UC Library) that applies to the topic, along with additional information about the topic or the source (please cite properly in APA)
• Make an argument concerning the topic.

Write a 6-8 page paper (deliverable length does not include the title and reference pages)

Research information about two current data mining projects being conducted.

• What are possible benefits that these projects offer?
• What are criticisms of the projects?
• What techniques could be implemented to improve on the criticisms?

Due: Check Course Schedule for due date.

• Provide three articles to substantiate the above three questions.
• Use APA format to provide a citation for each of the articles you read.
• Suggestion: Use a search engine (Google) and keywords.

Do your research on statistical  research methods and choose one article that used statistical qualitative research method. Review the article and write a report following  the steps below:

 1. Be approximately 3-5 pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page.

2. Follow APA guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.

At least the article must be peer-reviewed, full-text article that used quantitative research methods from scholarly journals.

Note: When reading an article use the PECO to analyze the paper:

· P – Population being study, techniques used in the paper, E – Exposure (what), C – Control(how), 

O- outcome

There are TWO tasks that you would need to do( they are separate): 

Task 1:

Product Idea and Search Engines/Electronic Marketing. 

After reviewing the assigned reading materials, complete the following activities:

1.  You will develop a product service idea.

      A. Describe the product/service including the benefits of using the product/service

      B. Discuss the potential customers for this product/service

2.  Based on the nature of the product/service, recommend at least 3 possible ways to market the product electronically. Your suggestions must include at least one search engine. Describe your recommendations and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each.

TASK 2:

Write a reply to the two responses in the attached document ( Response 1 and Response 2) with 150 words for each. 

There should be no plagiarism. Attach a plagiarism report with 0 % similarity index. 

Please read the below discussion posts and provide the response in 75 to 100 words

Post#1:

A cloud SLA (cloud service-level agreement) is an agreement between a cloud service provider and a customer that ensures a minimum level of service is maintained. The SLA should include not only an outline of the services to be provided and their expected service levels, but also metrics by which the services are measured, the duties and responsibilities of every party, the remedies or penalties for breach, and a protocol for adding and removing metrics. Now we have discussed 5 features of cloud SLA. “Based  on  policy  guidance,  autonomic  system  keep  the  system stable  in  unpredictable  conditions  and  adapt  quickly  in  new environmental  conditions  like  software,  hardware  failures” (Singh, Chana, & Buyya, 2017).

Uptime: Some cloud providers will offer lower uptime than what they can actually achieve just to give themselves some breathing space in the event of a data incident. This may be adequate for some businesses that can handle a brief loss in productivity, but for healthcare providers and government agencies that need immediate access to data, it is still considered inadequate (Zhao, et.al., 2016).

 Data Protection: Data protection processes, such as backup and disaster recovery, should be addressed in any SLA. The agreement should detail what each party is responsible for, acceptable performance parameters, which applications and services are covered, monitoring procedures and a schedule for remediation of outages whether by power outage, natural disaster, human error, or malware.

Exporting Data: Some cloud providers make it easy to migrate your data into their cloud, but charge large sums of money to return it to you—or they return it to you in an unusable format (we call this the Hotel California effect). So, you want to be sure you’re able to exit the contract if you need to and that there are no fees associated with doing so (or that they are minimal). You should also negotiate the export of your data in a predefined format (CSV, XLS, XML etc.). If you don’t have a skilled IT team that can make the export easy, you might also make it a condition that the provider assists you in the export. Finally, because some contracts require a notice of non-renewal within a certain period, make sure you understand the time period and if it seems unreasonable, try to talk it down or eliminate it altogether. “One of the main green cloud computing strategies used for the reduction of energy consumption consists in maximizing the utilization of a number of physical machines (PMs) and turning off or suspending unused servers” (Malekloo,, et. al.,2018).

Scalability: Many SLAs are designed to meet the needs of the customer at the time of signing, but we all know organizations can change dramatically in size over time. Make sure the SLA details intervals for reviewing a contract so that if your organization grows larger, your cloud capacity can grow with it and if your organization happens to grow smaller, you’ll want the option to reduce capacity; no sense it paying for unused capacity.

Data Location: Although cloud computing is all about the ease of accessing your data anytime, anywhere, it’s ultimately housed somewhere. Some providers may scatter your data across multiple locations, or house it overseas. Knowing where data physically resides is key when it comes to matters of compliance. “A Service Level Agreement (SLA) can be used to address these concerns, increasing trust in the purchased services through the clear description of the guarantees offered by the provider to the subscribers” (De Carvalho, et. al., 2017).

Post#2:

The agreement entered between the cloud service provider companies and the client or the user of the clouding service is cloud service level agreement (SLA). This is a type of a commitment that is signed between the service provider companies and the users of the clouding services. The agreement defines the different aspects of the services and responsibilities that are agreed on mutually between the service user and the service provider. It can between two or more parties. The agreement happened between the parties has many components which are defined from starting of the service till the termination of the agreement. Service level agreements helps in proper monitoring of the services in cloud computing. These define the quality of the service the company must provide to the customers till the end of the service agreement.

SLA is responsible for setting the security system required for management of the clouding space and free from intruders and vulnerabilities and also explains well about the backup plan the company has already set to prevent the data loss of any of the customers for the failure of the performances. There are many challenges associated with the clouding services which both provider and user face. SLA defines the terms and conditions which are agreed upon by both the parties for provisioning and consuming of the clouding service. SLA clearly defines and sets the expectations for both the parties. For the purpose of the development of an effective SLA, there are certain criteria which are needed to be established between both the provider and the user of the service. “Although there are many energy-aware resource management solutions for Cloud data centers, existing approaches focus on minimizing energy consumption while ignoring the SLA violation at the time of virtual machine (VM) deployment” (Zhou, 2018).

1) Cloud hardware and software: the cloud service provider must use all the essential hardware and the software devices required for providing the services effectively to the customers potentially. The agreement must include the hardware devices that the company would be using to provide the services. When the company knows the equipments and the software specifications of the hardware devices then it becomes easy for the providers to build the cloud construction environment and teach staff about it. “Resource overbooking is one way to reduce the usage of active hosts and networks by placing more requests to the same amount of resources” (Son, 2017).

2) Customer Responsibility: the clouding responsibility is not solely hold by the provider companies but it is shared between the user and the provider both. The provider companies should well explain about the roles and responsibilities of the users before entering into an agreement.

3) Disaster recovery and backup: the service provider companies should be well equipped with a disaster recovery plan so that there is not any kind of data loss of any customer. The system must be updated with automatic backup technology and must be mentioned about its use and blueprint into the agreement. This will make the user satisfied about the data saved in the clouding space provided by the service provider companies.

4) Data Ownership: the service level agreement must clearly specify the ownership status of the data to make everything clear and transparent between the user and the service provider and avoid any kind of future conflicts.

5) Availability: the service level agreement must clearly specify the provider’s promised availabilities. The network and the service must be same throughout the agreement and must not break in between the agreement. The promises made should be accomplished upto 99.99% successfully. “As SLAs are critical for cloud deployments and wider adoption of cloud services, the management of SLAs in cloud and IoT has thus become an important and essential aspect” (Mubeen, 2017).

 Select from the following list Six (6) topics and discuss. Use only 50-words max per topic to discuss and present your answer.  The discussion questions this week are from Chapter’s 3 & 4  (Jamsa, 2013).Chapter 3 topics:

• Define and describe PaaS.
• List the benefits of PaaS solutions.
• Describe potential disadvantages of PaaS.
• Describe how a cloud-based database management system differs from an on-site database.
• List the computing resources normally provided with a PaaS.

Chapter 4 topics:

• Define and describe IaaS.
• Define and describe system redundancy. Discuss how you might use IaaS to implement a redundancy plan.
• Define and describe load balancing. Discuss how you might use IaaS to implement load balancing.
• Define and describe NAS. Assume you must implement a shared file system within the cloud. What company would you select? Why? What costs should your client expect to pay for cloud-based data on a gigabyte (GB) basis?
• Define and describe colocation. Discuss how you might use IaaS to implement colocation.
• Compare and contrast a cloud-based disk storage device (with a file system) with a cloud based database.
• Compare and contrast physical, dedicated virtual, and shared virtual servers. Search the web for companies that provide each. What cost should a customer expect to pay for each?

NOTE: You are required to use at least two-peer reviewed sources (besides your textbook) to answer the above questions.