essential 8

 Reflection Assignment 4: Meeting Essential VIII

This week, reflect on your perception of change theory, management roles and nursing leadership, communication conflict, and the nurse management role in patient care as it has evolved over the course of your RN-BSN program at WCU. Identify specific leadership models you support, and compare and contrast communication techniques for patient-centered care effectiveness. How does your academic work support evidence of meeting the following?

Essential VIII: Professionalism and Professional Values

  • Outcome #3: Promote the image of nursing by modeling the values and articulating the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the nursing profession.

Review your past academic work, evaluate your effectiveness at meeting this program essential, and ponder the impact that this proficiency will have on your future.

Identify how you met the essential by referring to the assignment(s) specifically in your response. Additionally, reflect on and make connections between your academic experience and real-world applications. 

Recommended: Refer to the work you completed for NURS 510 Policy, Organization, and Financing of Health Care and LDR 432 Principles of Leadership for Healthcare Organizations, as well as other courses, to gather academic examples and evidence of having met this essential.

Your reflection should be 1-1/2 pages APA formatted. Reference and cite any sources you use.

N492 Discussion Mod 5:

  

Discussion Question:

Investigate how school health is delivered within your local school system. You can look at one specific school, or an entire school district. Do the schools in your area have a school health nurse assigned? If not, how are health care needs within the school district managed? What are ways in your area schools in which health promotion and management of existing health problems are addressed?

Your initial posting should be at least 400 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook

response

Hi I need a response for the 2 below soap notes

Peer 1

 

Patient name: D, V  Age: 40  Gender: Female

Chief Complaint:” I have been without menses for 2 months”

HPI: Patient 40 years old female, Hispanic, comes to visit for gynecologic examination, complaining of amenorrhea for 2 months, reports irregular periods before.

Past Medical Hx:

 Essential (primary) hypertension I10

Obesity, unspecified E66.9

Hyperlipidemia E78.1 

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus with unspecified diabetic retinopathy without macular edema E10.319

Pap smear 

 Date: 11/17/2018; Notes: HPV negative but reactive cellular changes and/or repair are present, the predominance of coccobacilli consistent with a shift in vaginal flora is present 

 Date: 11/23/2016; Notes: Normal 

 Notes: Normal 2008 Negative for Cancer of the ovaries; Asthma; Cancer of the breast; Cancer of the lung; Diabetes; Heart failure, systolic; Heart disease (CAD); Cancer of the colon; Heart failure, diastolic.

Menstrual History 

Menstrual information 

 Notes: Irregular 

Pregnancy History 

Past pregnancy 

 Notes: G2 P2 A0 L2

Surgical History 

Cesarean section 

Social History 

Sexually active 

Sexually active 

Employed 

Children 

Married 

Never smoked 

Negative for: Exercise; Past drug use; Alcohol use 

 Family Hx: 

Father: Diabetes mellitus

Mother: Hypertension,

Grandparents: Diabetes mellitus

Allergies: No Know Allergies

Current Medication:

 Lisinopril 10 mg tab PO daily.

Glargine 40 units at bedtime

Atorvastatin 80 mg tab PO at bedtime daily

Review of systems

General/Constitutional 

Patient t Reports: Amenorrhea for 2 months, she denies chills and night sweats. She also denies weight loss and weight gain or fever.

HEENT

Eyes: Denies swellings, itchiness, blurry vision, discharges. The patient wears glasses.

Head: Denies (pain, vertigo, tinnitus, hoarseness, dysphagia, cough, throat pain, hearing problems, trauma, lump).

Systemic symptoms: Denies (fever, chills). No recently weight loss.  

Neurological: Denies sleeping problems, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, weakness, gait change, dizziness, or headache.

Respiratory: Denies cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, cyanosis. 

Cardiovascular: Last EKG (atrial fibrillation). The patient denies chest pain, dizziness, SOB, weakness, fatigue, bilateral lower extremity swelling.

Gastrointestinal: Denies abdominal pain, distention, anorexia, diarrheas, nauseas, vomiting, flatulence.

Genitourinary: Pt Reports: Amenorrhea for 2 month, She denies increased urinary frequency, blood in the urine, and nocturia.

Endocrinology: Denies: Excessive appetite; Excessive sweating; Excessive thirst; Excessive urination; Heat/cold intolerance; Hair loss; Excess hair growth

Musculoskeletal: Denies arthralgia, myalgia, or pain to the movement of the joints or muscles cramp.

Integumentary: Denies discomfort and itching in her vagina, denies swollen.

Pt Denies: Skin lump/mass; Mole changes; Performs monthly self-breast exam; Breast lump/mass; Breast pain; Nipple discharge; Stretch marks; Varicose veins; Phlebitis 

Neurological: Pt denies Headaches Pt Denies Numbness/tingling; Seizures; Tremors; Difficulty walking; Localized weakness Psychiatric. Pt Denies: Anxiety; Depression; Frequent crying; Nervousness; Hallucinations; Memory loss; Sleep problems; Suicidal thoughts 

Hematologic/Lymphatic Pt Denies: Easy bleeding or bruising; Anemia; Swollen glands Allergic/Immunologic 

Physical examination

Weight: 172 lbs     Temp 98.1 F BP: 132/86 Height 5’2” Pulse:82 Resp: 20

General: The patient is alert and oriented, able to provide accurate information, good eye contact during the interview, cooperative. The patient states a good understanding of the conversation. The patient seems slightly distressed

HEEET Head: Normocephalic, atraumatic, symmetric, no visible or palpable masses, depressions, or scaring. Good hair distribution, good hygiene. No bleeding, no papules, no vesicles. 

Neck: Trachea in the midline, No neck veins distention. No posterior cervical adenopathy. No carotid bruits and no goiter.

Ears: TMs (Pale, gray, translucent appearance, Cone of light and bony landmarks visible) & mobile, hearing intact. Ear canals clear without inflammation or redness.

Nose: Smell sense intact, No external or internal lesions observed. No exudate or secretion. No observed septum deviation.

Eyes: Visual acuity intact 20/20 with corrective glasses, Eyes symmetric, no blepharitis, no redness clear conjunctiva, no ocular discharge bilaterally. PERRLA

Throat: Gap reflex present, uvula in the midline, Good hygiene, No lesions in soft tissues, no gingival inflammation, no bleeding. Tonsils 2+

Respiratory: Chest symmetric, Tactile fremitus present. thoracic expansion symmetric. No wheezing or crackles sounds.

Breast: No overlying skin changes; No dimpling; No nipple retraction; No masses or lumps; Right breast no palpable masses or lumps; Left breast no palpable masses or lumps; No tenderness; No regional lymphadenopathy

 Additional comments: US-guided biopsy right breast, showing fibroadenoma, no malignancy was seen. Diagnostic mammogram and ultrasound in 1 year are recommended (August 2021) 

Skin: Warm to touch, no hyperthermia, Inguinal intertrigo

Cardiovascular: HR regular. No murmur, no thrill, no rubs, No swollen leg. All pulse palpable, no sign of DVT or PAD.

 Abdomen: Flat, no tender no distended, No scar visible on inspections, soft on palpation. Liver palpable no splenomegaly, no masses, no pain with palpation. Bowel sound present in all quadrant. The patient denies Costovertebral angle tenderness.

Genitourinary: No erythema, masses, or lesions detected on the external genitalia. The vaginal mucosa is pink. No blood detected on the stool, which is brown. No inguinal adenopathy or adnexal masses noted. No rectovaginal masses detected. Vulva,Vagina,Cervix (Normal appearance); By TV sonogram (Uterus normal size/shape with normal ovaries) 

Lymphatic: No visible or palpable adenopathy.

Extremities: Full range of motion in 4 extremities, Pulses present and symmetric. No swelling, no deformities 

Neurological: All cranial nerves intact. No weakness, no vertigo, or dizziness. Adequate sensation in 4 extremities. Reflexes are +2 

Assessment and Plan

Diagnosis: 

Amenorrhea, unspecified N91. Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation. Secondary amenorrhea occurs when you’ve had at least one menstrual period and you stop menstruating for three months or longer. Secondary amenorrhea is different from primary amenorrhea. It usually occurs if you haven’t had your first menstrual period by age 16.A variety of factors can contribute to this condition, including birth control use, certain medications that treat cancer, psychosis, or schizophrenia, hormone shots, medical conditions such as hypothyroidism, being overweight or underweight

Differential Diagnosis:

Hypothyroidism E03.9: Other clinical signs of thyroid disease are usually noted before amenorrhea presents. Mild hypothyroidism is more often associated with hypermenorrhea or oligomenorrhea than with amenorrhea. Treatment of hypothyroidism should restore menses, but this may take several months.

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM E23.0: Ovarian failure can cause menopause or can occur prematurely. On average, menopause occurs at 50 years of age and is caused by ovarian follicle depletion. Premature ovarian failure is characterized by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and increased gonadotropin levels occurring before 40 years of age and is not always irreversible (0.1 percent of women are affected by 30 years of age and one percent by 40 years of age). Approximately 50 percent of women with premature ovarian failure have intermittent ovarian functioning with a 5 to 10 percent chance of achieving natural conception

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) E 28.2: is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs.

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown. Early diagnosis and treatment along with weight loss may reduce the risk of long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

 PLAN

Further Testing:

 Pregnancy test. This will probably be the first test your doctor suggests, to rule out or confirm a possible pregnancy.

Thyroid function test. Measuring the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in your blood can determine if your thyroid is working properly.

Ovary function test. Measuring the amount of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in your blood can determine if your ovaries are working properly.

Prolactin test. Low levels of the hormone prolactin may be a sign of a pituitary gland tumor.

Transvaginal ultrasound.

Medication: Treatment depends on the underlying cause of your amenorrhea. In some cases, contraceptive pills or other hormone therapies can restart your menstrual cycles. Amenorrhea caused by thyroid or pituitary disorders may be treated with medications. If a tumor or structural blockage is causing the problem, surgery may be necessary.

Education: Some lifestyle factors such as too much exercise or too little food can cause amenorrhea, so strive for balance in work, recreation, and rest. Assess areas of stress and conflict in your life. If you cannot decrease stress on your own, ask for help from family, friends or your doctor.

Be aware of changes in your menstrual cycle and check with your doctor if you have concerns. Keep a record of when your periods occur. Note the date your period starts, how long it lasts and any troublesome symptoms you experience.

Return to office: The patient should return to the clinic immediately if the condition worsens and symptoms persist. Follow-up should be done in two weeks if the condition does not worsen.

References 

DeCherney AH, et al. Current Diagnosis & Treatment Obstetrics & Gynecology.11th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2013. http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=788. Accessed Jan. 21, 2014.

Klein DA, et al. Amenorrhea: An approach to diagnosis and management. American Family Physician. 2013;87:781.

Goldman L, et al. Goldman’s Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2012. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 20, 2014.

Reply

Patient Information:

Name: KG

Age: 23 y/o.

Gender: Female.

Race: Hispanic

Advanced Directives:  Full Code 

Source: Patient        

Past medical History

Chronic Illnesses/Major traumas: Obesity.

Family Medical History: Mother diagnosed with: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, 45 y/o, alive.

Father diagnosed with: Gout, 50 y/o, alive.

Allergies: None.

Surgery: None

Screening Hx/Immunizations Hx: TT, 2020. Flu: 2020, Pap smear 2020 (Negative)

Current Medications: 

-Tylenol 500 mg 1tab PO every 6 hours for mild pain/fever

Social history: Patient has high school degree, and she works at a mall for 5 years. She is single and she is sexually active and has history of unprotected vaginal sex with multiple partners. Actually, she lives with her son and her parents, he is 5 years old. The support is her family and denies any needs at this time. She has adequate shelter. She has a sedentary life. She doesn’t have healthy diet. She denies substance abuse, ETOH, tobacco, marijuana or illicit drug ingestion.

Subjective:

CC: “I had been with foul-smelling vaginal discharged, pain during urination and bleeding after having sex for the last 2 weeks without relief.”

HPI: This is a 23-yr. old Hispanic, female who goes to the clinic with c/o foul-smelling vaginal discharged, dysuria, dyspareunia and bleeding after coitus for the last 2 weeks without relief. Patient denied fever or previous vaginal malodorous. She is sexually active and reports multiple sexual partners, a history of negative result of Papanicolaou tests in the recent past, and recent unprotected vaginal intercourse. She claims poor pain relief with Tylenol 500 mg oral every 6 hours. Also, she denies history of sexually transmitted disease, douching and antibiotic use recently. She informs the vaginal discharge looks like creamy greenish and has foul-smelling odor. She mentions that she feels a sharp pain in the lower abdomen which she rates a 3 out of 10. She refers mild distress related to painful sexual intercourse. Denies abdominal trauma, fatigue, vomit, nausea and diarrhea. She does not present any past medical history. She has not had similar symptoms in the past. The menarche was at 12 y/o, the LMP: 10/5/2020 for 6 days, regular cycle, plus the spots already described, G1T1P1A0L1.

ROS:

General: She refers weight gain 10 pounds in the last month, denies fatigue, fever, malaise and decreased energy level. 

Skin: She denies healing problems, rashes, bruising, bleeding or skin discolorations, no changes in lesions. She has a mole (birthmark) in her left side of her neck. 

Eyes: She denies changes in her vision, diplopia, blurry vision, no redness or swelling, watering or discharge.

Ears: She denies hearing loss, ear pain, ringing in ears, discharge.

Nose/Mouth/Throat: She denies runny nose, epistaxis, hoarseness, dysphagia, sinus problems, or discharge, no dental disease, and no throat pain.

Breast: Refers to do SBE every month, denies lumps, bumps or changes.

Heme/Lymph/Endo: She denies bruising or bleeding, purpura, petechiae, prolonged or excessive bleeding, no blood transfusion and HIV Hx, night sweats, swollen glands, no increase thirst, increase hunger, cold or heat intolerance.

Cardiovascular: She denies palpitations, orthopnea, chest pain, and no edema.

Respiratory: She denies cough, wheezing, and dyspnea at this moment.

Gastrointestinal: She denies nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, hepatitis, hemorrhoids, eating disorders, ulcers, black tarry stools, and no abdominal pain. Denies colonoscopy.

Genitourinary/Gynecological: She complains of creamy greenish vaginal discharge accompanied with dyspareunia, and vulvar burning, especially when she urinates, sharp pain in the lower abdomen which she rates a 3 out of 10, 4 days ago. The menarche was at 12 y/o, the LMP: 10/5/2020 for 6 days, regular cycle, plus the spots already described, G1T1P0A0L1. Last Pap smear at 2020 was negative.

Musculoskeletal: She denies any limitation in movements in upper or lower extremities. No other joint pain, stiffness, swelling, or muscle plain.

Neurological: She denies seizures, transient paralysis, weakness, black out spells, and no syncope. She refers paresthesia in bilateral lower extremities.

Psychiatric: She denies any changes of behavior, depression, sleeping difficulties, suicidal ideation/attempts. She refers mild distress related to painful sexual intercourse.

Objective:

Physical Exam:

GENERAL: Patient is obese, no acute distress, maintain adequate hygiene. Patient is alert and oriented and answers questions appropriately. She is very cooperative and maintain good eyes contact.

Vital signs:

Temperature: 97.5 F

RR: 18 x min

HR: 73 x min

O2Sat: 98 %; 

Blood Pressure: 130/75 mmhg

BMI: 32.9

Weight: 180 pounds. Height: 5.2”.

Pain scale: 3/10.

Skin: The skin is white, warm, dry, clean, pink, and intact. No noted rashes, no open wounds. Noted a mole 1/3 superior of left side of the back, light brown, irregular shape, flat, 7 inches, not painful, not itching, no changes in color.

HEENT

Head: Normocephalic, no deformities and midline.  Hair is clean, thick, soft, and curly and well distributed on the head. Scalp is clean, dry, and without lesions. 

Eyes:  Symmetrical, pupils’ equal round and reactive to light and accommodation, red reflex noted and light reflected symmetrically bilaterally, visual field full by accommodation. No conjunctival or scleral injection. She wears corrective lenses.

Ears: TM is pearly gray and translucent, bony landmarks, and light reflex noted bilaterally. Canals patent. No lesion noted.

Nose: External nose is smooth and symmetrical, firm/stable structure noted, mucosa/turbinates deep pink, moist, glistening. No septal deviation.

Throat: Posterior pharyngeal wall is moist, glistening, non/reddened, without exudate, Tonsils are 1+, bilaterally.

Neck: Symmetric. Noted Full ROM, no cervical lymphadenopathy, no occipital nodes. No thyromegaly or nodules. 

Oral mucosa:  Pink and moist. Pharynx is non erythematous and without exudate. Teeth are in good repair.

Cardiovascular

Heart: Upon auscultation S1, S2 with regular rate and rhythm. No extra sounds, clicks, rubs nor murmurs. Capillary refill 2 seconds. Pulses 3+ throughout. No edema.

Respiratory

Chest: Symmetric. Lungs are clear bilaterally anterior/posterior, no wheezing, no rhonchi, no adventitious breath sounds.

Gastrointestinal: Abdomen flat, no deformities; BS active in all 4 quadrants, mild diffuse lower abdominal tenderness on deep palpation. No hepatosplenomegaly. 

Breast: No tender, no deformities, no lumps or mases noted.

Genitourinary: Bladder is non-distended; no CVA tenderness.

External genitalia reveal coarse pubic hair is well distribution; skin color is consistent with general pigmentation. Noted an erythematous area in the upper third of the vulva, near the urethra. Well estrogenized. A small speculum was inserted; vaginal walls are covered by purulent exudate and bleeding. Upon detaching them from the base, an erythematous area is left. Cervix is erythematous with punctate hemorrhages (strawberry-patch cervix), also friability noted and multiparous. Scant purulent and cloudy drainage present. On bimanual exam, cervix is firm, cervical motion tenderness is also present.  Uterus is normal size, minimally tender, antevert and positioned behind a slightly distended bladder. Rectovaginal exam reveals uterosacral nodularity and exquisite tenderness. Stool is soft, brown and heme-negative. Ovaries are nonpalpable.

Heme/Lymph/Endo: Upon palpation no lymphadenopathy and organomegaly noted.

Musculoskeletal: Symmetric, full ROM in all extremities. Extremities are warm without edema.

Neurological: Patient is A, A, OX 4. Speech clear, maintain good tone. Posture is erect. The balance is stable and the gait is rhythmical, flowing, effortless, with freely swinging legs and with an upright body posture. 

Psychiatric: She is alert and oriented X 4. She is dressed in a clean dress and coat. She maintains eye contact. Her speech is soft, and clear, answers questions appropriately.

Lab Tests

•           NAAT: It is positive for Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Still pending the result.

•           Urine culture and sensitivity: Still pending the result.

•           Wet mount examination of cervical discharge:  Sensitive indicator of cervical inflammation, in the absence of inflammatory vaginitis. Microscopy is only 50% sensitive for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis, whereas culture is the most sensitive test. Bacterial vaginosis may be diagnosed by presence of at least 3 of the 4 Amsel criteria: 1) adherent white vaginal discharge; 2) clue cells on microscopy (vaginal epithelial cells with distinctive stippled appearance as covered by bacteria); 3) vaginal pH >4.5; 4) “whiff test” (release of fishy odor following addition of 10% potassium hydroxide solution). Result shows>10 WBCs per high-power field of vaginal fluid (leukorrhea), trichomonads, clue cells, pH: 5, fishy amine odor with application of 10% KOH.

•           HIV test: Negative. 

•           Rapid tests (OSOM Trichomonas, AFFIRM VPIII): Fast and reliable point of care tests with sensitivity >83%, specificity >97%. Results available within 10 minutes for OSOM Trichomonas rapid test and in 45 minutes for AFFIRM VP III. Result is positive for Trichomonas vaginalis

•           Gram stain of cervical discharge: For diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Nugent score is used, which involves counting bacterial morphocytes. Possible result reveals Lactobacillus morphotype reduced or absent. Still pending the result.

•           Thayer-Martin agar cervical culture: For detection of N gonorrhoeae. Possible result reveals growth of pathogen. Still pending the result.

•           Pregnancy test: It is important to determine if patient is not pregnant to provide her the appropriate treatment, avoid the teratogenesis (Jameson et al., 2020). It was negative.

Special Tests: None

Primary Diagnosis

            A: The primary diagnosis for the patient is: Cervicitis (N72): Cervicitis is common and often asymptomatic, but if left undiagnosed or untreated can result in pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to substantial long-term ill effects such as infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Implementing screening protocols for high-risk populations may reduce adverse outcomes from cervicitis. Screening for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) should be offered concomitantly. While Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most commonly isolated organisms, in most cases no organism is identified. Clinical suspicion is generally sufficient to justify therapy, but of the diagnostic aids, nucleic acid amplification testing remains the most sensitive and specific tool for accurately diagnosing N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis. If the presentation suggests cervicitis, and the patient is deemed at high risk for STI, patients are empirically treated with a regimen targeting STIs. There are some risk factors to develop the disease such as women of reproductive age (15 to 29 years old), prior history of STI, inconsistent condom uses and multiple sexual relationships (Jameson et al., 2020).

      In this patient, we can find some signs and symptoms such as: her c/o foul-smelling vaginal discharged, dysuria, dyspareunia and bleeding after coitus for the last 3 weeks without relief. Patient denied fever or previous vaginal malodorous. She is sexually active and reports multiple sexual partners, a history of negative result of Papanicolaou tests in the recent past, and recent unprotected vaginal intercourse. She claims poor pain relief with Tylenol 500 mg oral every 6 hours. Also, she denies history of sexually transmitted disease, douching and antibiotic use recently. She informs the vaginal discharge looks like creamy greenish and has foul-smelling odor. She mentions that she feels a sharp pain in the lower abdomen which she rates a 3 out of 10. She refers mild distress related to painful sexual intercourse. Also, physical examination reveals vaginal walls are covered by purulent exudate and bleeding. Upon detaching them from the base, an erythematous area is left. Cervix is erythematous with punctate hemorrhages (strawberry-patch cervix), also friability noted and multiparous. Scant purulent and cloudy purulent and cloudy drainage present. 

            On bimanual exam, cervix is firm, cervical motion tenderness is also present.  The patient presents some risk factors to develop the disease such as women of reproductive age (15 to 29 years old), multiple sexual relationships and inconsistent condom uses.

Secondary Diagnosis:

  • Obesity (E66.9): Patient has BMI 32.9.
  • Melanocytic nevi of trunk (D22.5): Upon physical exam noted a mole 1/3 superior of left side of the back, light brown, irregular shape, flat, 7 inches, not painful, not itching, no changes in color.

Secondary Diagnosis:

  • Obesity (E66.9): Patient hasBMI32.9.
  • Melanocytic nevi of trunk (D22.5): Upon physical exam noted a mole 1/3 superior of left side of the back, light brown, irregular shape, flat, 7 inches, not painful, not itching, no changes in color.

Differential Diagnoses

  • Cervical dysplasia(N87.9):Patient may report a history of abnormal Pap smears. Pap smear reveals abnormal cervical cytology. Colposcopy shows acetowhite epithelium, abnormal vascular patterns (punctations, mosaicism), gross lesion. Cervical biopsy reveals cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (Rhoads et al.,2018).
  • Cervical cancer(C53.9):Patient may report a history of abnormal Pap smears. May present with heavy or irregular intermenstrual vaginal bleeding along with abnormal vaginal discharge. Pap smear reveals abnormal cervical cytology. Colposcopy shows abnormal vascularity, white change with acetic acid, or obvious exophytic lesions. Cervical biopsy reveals confirms diagnosis histologically and identifies subtype (Rhoads et al.,2018).
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (N73.9):Patient presents with abdominal pain and tenderness, pelvic pain and cervical tenderness, fever, nausea/anorexia. Clinical exam of cervical motion tenderness and abdominal tenderness, as well as sign of fever or leukocytosis, can be used to diagnose this condition. Patients with Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis, if left untreated, carry a 40% risk of developing PID. Transvaginal ultrasound shows classic signs are tubal wall thickness greater than 5 mm, incomplete septae within the tube, fluid in the cul-de-sac, and a cogwheel appearance on the cross-section of the tubal view; may also see tubo-ovarian abscess; may be normal (Rhoads et al.,2018).

PLAN:

  • It is recommended for nonpregnant women with confirmed trichomoniasis infection the treatment with metronidazole. Metronidazole and tinidazole are the only known effective drugs for the treatment of trichomoniasis, with up to 95% success rates. Consider rescreening at 3 months (Jameson et al., 2020).

Med/Meds:

  • metronidazole: 500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days

Symptomatic treatment: 

  • ibuprofen: 400-600 mg orally every 4-6 hours when required, maximum 2400 mg/day, for mild pain/fever.

Treatments:

  • For external dysuria may also be alleviated by urinating with the genitals submerged in water.

Diagnostic:

•           NAAT

•           Urine culture and sensitivity

•           Wet mount examination of cervical discharge 

•           HIV test

•           Rapid tests (OSOM Trichomonas, AFFIRM VPIII

•           Gram stain of cervical discharge

•           Thayer-Martin agar cervical culture

•           Pregnancy test

Procedures performed: None

Education:  Patient was instructed to:

•           Promote the monogamy (or at least a reduction in the number of partners)

•           Encourage the use of male condoms may help prevent spread of infection.

•           Educate about the importance of completing the treatment and side effects of medication.

•           Encourage follow up diagnostic test to obtain an accurate and effective treatment.

•           Abstain from sex until the symptoms completely heal. 

•           Advised her sexual partners to go to a clinic for evaluation as there are high chances that they are infected too. 

•           Observe hygiene and sanitation to ensure that the symptoms such as irritation and swelling improve.

•           Advised for external dysuria may also be alleviated by urinating with the genitals submerged in water. 

•           Encourage that if these symptoms do not improve in the next week of treatment, for her to come back to the clinic for more evaluation. 

•           Avoid use of fabric softeners, harsh soap, nylon or synthetic underwear.

•           Encourage the importance to maintain hand hygiene, diet habits and lifestyle modification such as increase physical activity. 

•           Educate about cervical cancer screening should begin approximately 3 years after a woman begins having vaginal inter- course, but no later than 21 years of age. Screening should be done every year with conventional Pap tests or every 2 years using liquid-based Pap tests (Burns et al., 2017). 

Referrals: None

Follow-up:  Pt is advised to follow-up in 7 days.  If symptoms persist or worsen call or make an appt.  Questions were answered to patient’s satisfaction.

Peer 2

 

DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Name: Mrs. M.E.

Age: 47-year-old

Race: Hispanic.

Insurance: Medicaid.

Advance directives: yes, since 04/25/2020.

Subjective Data:

CHIEF COMPLAIN: “I have been having hot flashes for the past few months”.

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: Mrs. ME is 47 y/o female, Hispanic, she states in our office today because she has been having hot flashes for the past few months. Patient reports experiencing two or three hot flashes per day. Mrs. ME also reports she is awakened from sleep, soaked by night sweats. Her symptoms began seven months ago, and over that time, they have worsened to the point where have become very bothersome. She is worried because she cannot remember the date of her las period; but she’s sure she does not see her period several months ago. Patient denies headache, fever, change in appetite or weight.

PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: Denies past medical history

SURGICAL PROCEDURES: T and A as a child

OB/GYN HISTORY: G1 T1 P0 A0 L1

HOME MEDICATIONS: Centrum Women PO Daily Vitamin C (500mg) PO Daily ALLERGIES: NKA VACINATIONS: Immun

advanced pharmacology

  

Sabrina is a 26 year old female who has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. She has scheduled an appointment for a follow up with her physician but has several questions about her diagnosis and is calling the Nurse Helpline for her hospital network. As she talks with the advanced practice nurse, she learns that her diagnosis also impacts her neurologic and musculoskeletal systems. Although multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder, both the neurologic and musculoskeletal systems will be affected by adverse symptoms that Sabrina needs to be aware of and for which specific drug therapy plans and other treatment options need to be decided on.

Decision tree media assignment 1-2 page paper: Alzheimers
    •    Summarize the case you were assigned: Alzheimers
    ◦    Provide a summary of the three decisions you made. List each drug option you selected.
    •    Based on the decisions you recommended for the patient case study, explain whether you believe the decisions provided were supported by the evidence-based literature. Be specific and provide examples. Be sure to support your response with evidence and references from outside resources.
    •    What were you hoping to achieve with the decisions you recommended for the patient case study you were assigned? Support your response with evidence and references from outside resources.
    •    Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with each of the decisions and the results of the decision in the exercise. Describe whether they were different. Be specific and provide examples.

Answer a post from a classmate

Ethical considerations are important to guarantee the safety of research subjects and increase the inclusiveness of research study.  To address the drug abuse pandemic in the county, I had introduced a program that will implement interventions for early detection and follow-up services for impacted individuals. Studies have shown that detection and early intervention are the most effective way to help someone with substance abuse problem and prevent exacerbation of condition (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2016). Treatments of substance use disorders are cost-effective compared with no treatment, thus treatment plan can include medications, behavioral therapies, and recovery support services (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2016). It is evident that additional screening tools during admission and follow-up services after discharge can positively impact the quality and health outcomes of impacted patients.

Potential benefit is the early detection and treatment of individuals with drug use disorders. Individuals can receive appropriate treatment and follow-up for additional services that can help improve overall quality of life and health outcomes. Possible harms can be the possible stigmatization of individuals receiving such follow-up and treatment. People might be reluctant to join such programs because of stigma connected to receiving such treatment. I need to analyze my personal views and beliefs related to drug use disorders and minimize my implicit biases to stereotypes, which can negatively impact the implementation of intervention in my practice setting.  A study showed that professionals with more than 20 years of experience granted less importance on ethical values such as respect for the person and confidentiality, especially in primary care (Fernandez-Deito, Longo, & Hoyuelos, 2017). It is essential to be updated with cultural and ethical competencies in dealing with diverse patient population and research planning in any health care setting.

Objections might be raised when considering the vulnerable population related to drug use disorders. It is essential to give and receive consent regarding the possible harms and potential benefits of the research study. It is important that the consent be written in a level and language that the participant understands to avoid confusion and pressure to complete the research.  The inclusion in the study can bring stigmatization to participants and can potentially affect other aspects in life, but receiving such treatment and follow-up services can possibly improve the quality and health outcomes of participants. 

References

Fernandez-Feito, A., Longo, M., & Hoyuelos, S. (2017). How work setting and job experience affect professional nurses’ values. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0969733017700238

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2016). Facing addiction in America: The Surgeon general’s report on alcohol, drugs, and health. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424859/v

DISCUSSION

 

Disease: Infectious Diseases

Tampa General Hospital was started back in 1927 on Davis Island. When the hospital first opened it only provided room for 186 bed alongside a nursing school. Currently, the hospital provides 1007 beds with abundant staff and the primary teaching hospital for the USF Health Morsani College of Medicine. On their website, there is a lot of information and resources available to patients within the Hillsborough and Pasco County region that will help with providing better care. There is a section on the website titled “Infectious Diseases” that describes a range of different infectious diseases treated by the hospital. As the site states, there are many illnesses out there from the common cold to more complex diseases. Many of the diseases are grouped into different categories such as bacterial, bone, fungal, joint, tropical, parasitic and viral infections. Anyone can contract an infectious disease, especially those with a weakened immune system. Tampa General provides services for immunization to diagnose, treatment, long-term symptom management along with continuinig education on infection control and prevention.

Urgent, urg

AO discussion reply 1

After an implicit Association Test (IAT), unfortunately, I realized that I possess a strong automatic preference for Christianity over Islam. I didn’t know that I was biased over religion because I believe that all religions are equal and teach about almost the same thing. The stereotypes we hear about a particular religion might not be correct. Still, just because you don’t belong to that particular religion, one might be convinced that we have better beliefs than others. Most of the time, children follow a religion they found their parents believing when they grow up, and sometimes changing form the same when you grow up might be somehow challenging (Maina, 2018).

            During my nursing practice, I will treat and care for every patient regardless of their religion. I will anticipate prayer rooms for every religion if the administration allows because by so doing, I will be trying to get rid of my irrelevant biases about religion. This move may help my other colleagues who might not be aware that they have a certain biasness they didn’t know.  Having such programs will also create harmony and respect between people of different religions.

            Religions can result in significant division among people of different races, beliefs, and colors because it’s a comprehensive and critical aspect of human identification. Diversity in religions should be embraced, and stereotypes be discouraged because they can lead to biasness and irrelevant negative evaluation of people in society. Nobody deserves to be viewed differently because of their stand on religion because religion can’t define who we are but a character of an individual.

 

(I.N reply 2)

The IAT test that I took was the race test. Race (‘Black – White’ IAT). This IAT requires the ability to distinguish faces of European and African origin. It indicates that most Americans have an automatic preference for white over black. The results of my test were that I did not have no automatic preference between African Americans and European Americans. This is information I was currently aware of. I am a firm believer of equality and equal opportunities. Wyatt and Williams suggest that implicit biases are aimed toward European Americans over African Americans, these implicit biases create biased treatment, poor relationships and communication opportunities among patients and healthcare providers (p.555). I believe that no matter what everyone should be allowed proper health care services. Color, race, religion, age sexual orientation and other factors should never matter when health care is the topic. This information will allow me to provide unconditional compassion as a nurse and provide the health care service to all clients that they deserve no matter what. 

A.U Reply 3

 

Did this video change your opinion on suicide?

Yes. The video made me have a new perspective on suicide. It made me take into account the victim’s feelings and think through what they might undergo up to deciding to commit suicide. Besides, I understood that everyone suffers from mental issues, and we should love and care for one another regardless of our differences.

What did the video teach you about suicide?

The video made me distinguish that the victims do not desire to take away their lives, but their closest people compel them. With no care or affection, they may feel disturbing their family members and being a burden to them. Consequently, one may choose to commit suicide to eradicate their pain and sorrow. Most of the victims feel loathed and abandoned (Turecki & Brent, 2016). On the other hand, despite the fact that they could be given love, their loved ones must express it to them.

When completing an initial assessment for a client with suicidal ideation, what are the most important pieces of information that should be captured?

The form of care in a suicide risk assessment necessitates the counselors to perform a comprehensive assessment when the victim displays any indications of suicide. They ought to form rational formulation menaces (Baldock, 2016). The important information which must be obtained comprises of:

  • Information concerning the suicidal behavior of the victim, in conjunction with his or her imagination.
  • Information concerning the victim’s health history.
  • Developing the information to a prevention-oriented suicide risk base connected to the victim’s.

 

Essay

you will perform research and appraisal of existing evidence related to challenges to the safe and effective care of the aging population in the context of global health.  Select an aging population from another country, provide life expectancy, new disease patterns, longer lives, disabilities, cost of aging, health care, work, and the changing role of the family.

Examples: China, England, India, Cuba, RussiaAlaska, Germany, Italy, Iran,  Africa, Saudi Arabia, South America, Central America, Mexico, Pacific Coast Islanders, Japan, France, Haiti, Canada.

Minimum 500 words

APA style

More than two  reference 

Postpartum depression

 

When the Bough Breaks: A Documentary About Postpartum Depression

When the Bough Breaks is a documentary released in 2017 which explores postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. It can be accessed for free on “Tubi” (download the Tubi app), or purchased through YouTube and Google Play.

Instructions: Watch the documentary. Create a Word document which includes a summary of the film, as well as your thoughts, reactions, and feelings about the documentary (recommended length: 2-3 pages). Incorporate the following specific topics into your summary:

· Epidemiology: Prevalence of mood or anxiety disorders; percentage of women with “baby blues” that will go on to develop some type of depression/anxiety after giving birth; percentage of women that will develop postpartum depression with obsessive-compulsive behaviors or thoughts; number of women that will have postpartum psychosis

· Defining terms: Difference between “baby blues” and postpartum depression (PPD); things a woman might feel if she were suffering from PPD; risk factors for PPD; difference between postpartum psychosis and other types of postpartum depression with anxiety or obsessive compulsive features

· Mothers in the film: Comment on some of the feelings the mothers in the film had about their illness; their feelings about breastfeeding and coming home from the hospital

· To prosecute or not: Consider the women in the film who were prosecuted for infanticide. What is the United Kingdom’s Infanticide Act of 1938.? What is your opinion about this?

· Impact: What effect did the documentary have on you? Was there anything in particular that struck you? Did any one person’s story impact you in a special way? Share your thoughts.

Case study

This case study documents an ongoing interaction between a wife and her husband who live in a spacious home in a gated community.

When Dan (now 80) and Jane (now 65) began dating more than 15 years ago, both were emotionally charged to begin their lives anew. Well-educated and financially secure, they had a lot in common. Dan was a protestant minister, and Jane’s deceased husband had been a protestant minister. Both had lost their spouses. Jane’s first husband had suffered a catastrophic cerebral aneurysm 2 years earlier. Dan had conducted the funeral service for Jane’s husband. Dan’s wife had died of terminal cancer a little over a year earlier. Dan’s first wife had been a school counselor; Jane was a school teacher. Both had children in college. They shared a love for travel. Dan was retired but continued part-time employment, and Jane planned to continue teaching to qualify for retirement. Both were in great health and had more than adequate health benefits. Within the year they were married. Summer vacations were spent snorkeling in Hawaii, mountain climbing in national parks, and boating with family. After 7 years, Dan experienced major health problems: a quadruple cardiac bypass surgery, followed by surgery for pancreatic cancer. Jane’s plans to continue working were dropped so she could assist Dan to recover and then continue to travel with him and enjoy their remaining time together. Dan did recover—only to begin to exhibit the early signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. One of the early signs appeared the previous Christmas as they were hanging outdoor lights. To Jane’s dismay, she noted that Dan could not follow the sequential directions she gave him. As time passed, other signs appeared, such as some memory loss and confusion, frequent repeating of favorite phrases, sudden outbursts of anger, and decreased social involvement. Assessments resulted in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer’s disease. Dan was prescribed Aricept, and Jane began to prepare herself to face this new stage of their married life. She read literature about Alzheimer’s disease avidly and organized their home for physical and psychological safety. A kitchen blackboard displayed phone numbers and the daily schedule. Car keys were appropriately stowed. It was noted that she began to savor her time with Dan. Just sitting together with him on the sofa brought gentle expressions to her face. They continued to attend church services and functions but stopped their regular swims at their exercise facility when Dan left the dressing room naked one day. Within the year, Jane’s retired sister and brother-in-law relocated to a home a short walk from Jane’s. Their intent was to be on call to assist Jane in caring for Dan. Dan and Jane’s children did not live nearby so could only assist occasionally. As Dan’s symptoms intensified, a neighbor friend, Helen, began to relieve Jane for a few hours each week. At this time, Jane is still the primary dependent-care agent. She prides herself in mastering a dual shower; she showers Dan in his shower chair first, and then, while she showers, he sits on the nearby toilet seat drying himself. Her girlfriends suggested that this was material for an entertaining home video! Although Jane is cautious in her care for Dan, she often drives a short distance to her neighborhood tennis court for brief games with friends or spends time tending the lovely gardens she and Dan planted. During these times, she locks the house doors and leaves Dan seated in front of the television with a glass of juice. She watches the time and returns home midway through the hour to check on Dan. On one occasion when she forgot to lock the door while she was gardening, Dan made his way to the street, lost his balance, reclined face-first in the flower bed, and was discovered by a neighbor. Jane has given up evenings out and increased her favorite pastime of reading. Her days are filled with assisting Dan in all of his activities of daily living. And, often, her sleep is interrupted by Dan’s wandering throughout their home. At times, when the phone rings, Dan answers and tells callers Jane is not there. Jane, only in the next room, informs him “Dan, I am Jane.” Friends are saddened by Dan’s decline and concerned with the burdens and limitations Jane has assumed as a result of Dan’s dependency.

Critical thinking activities

1. Examine this case study through the dependency cycle model (Fig. 14.3). The outer arrows show a progression through varying stages of dependency. The inner circle represents who can be involved in the dependency cycle. Where are Jane and Dan in this cycle?

2. Using the basic dependent-care system model (Fig. 14.4), assess Dan and Jane. Identify the basic conditioning factors (BCFs) for each. What is the effect of Dan’s BCFs on his self-care agency? Is he able to meet his therapeutic self-care demands? Continue on to diagnose Dan’s self-care deficit and resulting dependent-care deficit. Now assess Jane’s self-care system.

3. Design a nursing system that addresses Jane’s self-care system as she increases her role as dependent-care agent for Dan.