Easy Cyber questions

1. Distinguish between vulnerability, threat, and control.

2. Theft usually results in some kind of harm. For example, if someone steals your car, you may suffer financial loss, inconvenience (by losing your mode of transportation), and emotional upset (because of invasion of your personal property and space). List three kinds of harm a company might experience from theft of computer equipment.

3. List at least three kinds of harm a company could experience from electronic espionage or unauthorized viewing of confidential company materials.

4. List at least three kinds of damage a company could suffer when the integrity of a program or company data is compromised.

5. List at least three kinds of harm a company could encounter from loss of service, that is, failure of availability. List the product or capability to which access is lost, and explain how this loss hurts the company.

6. Describe a situation in which you have experienced harm as a consequence of a failure of computer security. Was the failure malicious or not? Did the attack target you specifically or was it general and you were the unfortunate victim?

7. Describe two examples of vulnerabilities in automobiles for which auto manufacturers have instituted controls. Tell why you think these controls are effective, somewhat effective, or ineffective.

8. One control against accidental software deletion is to save all old versions of a program. Of course, this control is prohibitively expensive in terms of cost of storage. Suggest a less costly control against accidental software deletion. Is your control effective against all possible causes of software deletion? If not, what threats does it not cover?

9. On your personal computer, who can install programs? Who can change operating system data? Who can replace portions of the operating system? Can any of these actions be performed remotely?

10. Suppose a program to print paychecks secretly leaks a list of names of employees earning more than a certain amount each month. What controls could be instituted to limit the vulnerability of this leakage?

Discussion1

Answer the following the question:

We live in a world of data, perhaps too much data. Organizations continue to store data indefinitely. In fact, about 90% of the data stored on todays databases is deemed worthless within 3 months. Think about your email. How often do you ever go back to an email from six months ago. But you still keep it for what? How should organizations government personal data in a data warehouse? What are some best practices you might suggest to your organization if you were the CIO to ensure that the data in the system was maintained properly?

Instructions

  • This is a required assignment, worth 15 points. The assignment must be submitted by the due date. Late assignment are not allowed. 
  • You are required to submit a minimum of two postings. Points will be deducted for not fulfilling this minimum requirement.
  • Apply and use the basic citation styles of APA is required. Points are deducted per the rubric for this behavior.
  • Do not claim credit for the words, ideas, and concepts of others. Use in-text citation and list the reference of your supporting source following APA’s style and formatting. Points are deducted per the rubric for this behavior.
  • Do not copy and paste information or concepts from the Internet and claim that is your work. It will be considered Plagiarism and you will receive zero for your work. A second offense results in a zero for the course. A third is termination from the university.

mysql and database

Show the results (using screenshots) of executing each SQL statement against the database you created . Do not highlight your SQL statement in MySQL Workbench before taking the screenshot (this makes it difficult to read the output). For the VIEWs create in exercise-3, also show the results of executing a SELECT * … statement against the VIEW. All screenshots and text must be submitted as a single Word document.

Assignment

Use the web or other resources to research at least two criminal or civil cases in which  recovered files played a significant role in how the case was resolved.

Use your own words and do not copy  the work of another student.

In WORD document 

Youtube link:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeekxpX3YTU 

PHP chatroom

I have a chat room page that I need help with. I have a login page that is supposed to take the users first and last name and on submit take them to the chat.html page. then when the user types a message it shows the users name above the message.

Response Required Discussion cloud DBA

Please read the below two discussion posts and provide the response for each discussion in 75 to 100 words.

 Post#1

Nowadays, there are numerous advancements in technology. As a result, the traditional workplace has gradually transformed with home offices and virtual workplaces where employees can hold meetings using video teleconferencing tools and communicate through email and other applications such as Slack (Montrief, et al., 2020). This makes the cloud more busy which brings up the need for improved cloud security.

            Generally, in a public cloud, there exists a shared responsibility between the user and the Cloud Service Provider (CSP). Due to the rise of cyber-related crimes over the years, security for things like data classification, network controls and physical security need clear owners. The division of such responsibilities is called shared responsibility model for cloud security. “According to Amazon Web Services (AWS), security responsibility is shared by both CSP and CSC and they called it as Shared Security Responsible Model” (Kumar, Raj, & Jelciana, 2018). “While client and endpoint protection, identity and access management and application level controls are a shared responsibility the responsibility resides largely with the client organization” (Lane, Shrestha, & Ali, 2017). However, the responsibilities may vary depending on the cloud service provider and the cloud environment the user is using to operate. Nevertheless, despite the cloud services used, the burden of protecting data lays upon the user.

            Normally, security is broken down into two broad categories: security of the cloud and security in the cloud. Security of the cloud is a section of the shared responsibility model handled by the cloud service provider. It comprises of hardware, host operating systems and physical security of the infrastructure. Most of these logistical challenges are offloaded when an organization moves its operations to the cloud. In contrast, security in the cloud is the security responsibility handled by the user. “The cloud service customer is responsible for securing and managing the applications that run in the cloud, the operating systems, data-at-rest, data-in-transit, policies and other responsibilities” (Bennett & Robertson, 2019). Since access to customer data remains the most critical component in cloud computing, it also determined the level of security in the cloud to be implemented by the customer.

            The customer is responsible for the following components. First, the customer is responsible for data security. While the provider is responsible for automatically encrypting data in transit and in storage, the customer is expected to configure file system encryption and protection of network traffic. Secondly, the customer is responsible for physical security of computers and other devices used to access the cloud. Thirdly, the customer is responsible for application security. Security of managed applications may be handles by cloud provider services, but the customer is responsible for configuring those services accurately and correctly. Fourthly, the customer is responsible for security hinges on identity and access management in on-premises computing. The cloud provider can implement authentication services but it’s the work of the customer to configure them. Finally, the customer is responsible for network security on-premises.

            The cloud has various advantages such as scalability, elasticity and flexible prices. However, security is remains a critical business concern for many organizations (Xue & Xin, 2016). Regardless of which cloud service provider used, the customer will always be responsible for managing the customer data, analyzing workload, traffic and performance. When implementing cloud projects, customers need to identify and understand the risks associated with digitalization, public networks and outsourcing of infrastructure components. Shared responsibility in cloud computing depends on the agreement that the customer has with the cloud service provider. This is because there are specific tasks that can be logically handled by the customer while other duties are handles by the service provider such as ensuring physical access to the data center is restricted to authorized personnel’s only.

Post#2

 

Cloud offers variety of services and virtual machine to an organization at cost effective and is thus considered as one of the most innovative advances in technology. The ability to scale as well as stored and manage data increases by using cloud. Regulatory compliance states the modification and the steps that the organization should actively take to reach its goals. Good regulatory compliances needs to be maintained while moving to cloud so that any necessary precaution and post cloud changes can be made to the organization thus moving it closure to the goal and target. “There are straight-forward ways of modeling future ownership and the progression of value creation using a combination of capitalization table analysis and the venture capital method of valuation” (Sammut, 2020).

Protecting the crucial and sensitive data while moving to cloud is the major concern of the organization and database administrator is an intrinsic component of the authorization and control process towards regulatory compliance. DBA don’t necessarily need to know who can access the system but are necessary for database security and checking security breaches and attacks. DBA most importantly needs to know about the architecture of the cloud and the various components being actively used by the organization while moving to cloud. An understanding about the difference between on premises and cloud services including the computing stack is also a requirement for DBA. Along with that, the dba should also know how to utilize all the components of the cloud both from the point of view of administrator and developer. “While current Passive optical network (PON) standards can provide data transmission capacity of tens of Gbps, in the near future, the use of more wavelengths with rates higher than 10 Gb/s could see the overall capacity increase towards hundreds of Gbps” (Afraz, 2018).

DBA also plays the crucial role in managing the budget for the cloud database and thus should have the related information as well as knowledge about application design and impact of cloud database followed by the cost of impact. Studies suggest that it is not recommended to move all the data at once to cloud, at least not initially. The DBA thus needs to work for few days in the hybrid setting of cloud and on-premises arrangement. DBA should know the traditional skills to manage on premises activities and also the advanced skill to deal with the cloud activities and database. The initial movement of database to cloud should only include the crucial and the important effective data and thus DBA should use his understanding to decide what data should be moved to cloud followed by planning for the remaining data and deciding their time to move to cloud. Dba needs to be aware about each component of cloud, the organization services and the cloud services to maintain good regulatory compliance when moving to the cloud. “Since data in the cloud is going to be placed online, it is important that these data in the clouds are well secured” (Krishna, 2018).

IT 244 – database design

1-Write the relational algebra expressions for the following (using Ç):
branch (branch_name, branch city, assets)
customer (customer_name, customer street, customer city)
loan (loan number, branch_name, amount)
borrower (customer name, loan number)
account (account_number, branch name, balance)
depositor (customer_name, account number)
a) Find the names of all customers who have a loan and an account at bank. 
b) Find all customers who have an account from at least the “Downtown” and the “Uptown” branches. 
2- University schema
Classroom (building, room number, capacity)
Department (dept name, building, budget)
Course (course id, title, dept_name, credits)
Instructor (ID, name, dept_name, salary)
Section (course id, sec id, semester, year, building, room number, time slot id)
Teaches (ID, course id, sec id, semester, year)
Student (ID, name, dept_name, tot cred)
Takes (ID, course id, sec id, semester, year, grade)
Advisor (student ID, instructor ID)
Time slot (time slot id, day, start time, end time)
Prereq (course id, prereq id)
Write the following queries in SQL, using the university schema
a) Find the names of all students who have taken at least one Comp. Sci. course; make sure there are no duplicate names in the result
b) Increase the salary of each instructor in the IT department by 15%. 
c) Insert every student whose tot cred attribute is greater than 75 as an instructor in the same department, with a salary of $15,000. 
3- Refer to the university schema used in Q.2 and write the following queries using Nested subqueries.
a) Find the average instructors’ salaries of those departments where the average salary is greater than $50,000. (Hint: use subqueries in the From Clause)
b) Delete all courses that have never been offered (that is, do not occur) in the section relation. 
4- Deleting a record can be costly to an organization if not done in the right way. Let us assume you are working as a DBA (database administrator) and you used the delete command without specifying a condition in the where clause. What do you think will happen to the record in the database? And in case a record was deleted, is there a way to recover the lost data? Answer should be in your own words.

Research paper

This is a graduate course and students will be expected to research and write papers summarizing in their own words what they have found on current topics from the weekly readings. Research is a theoretical review of relevant literature and application of findings in the literature to a topic related to a specific industry, field, or business problem.

Assignment Requirements:

  1. Choose a research topic from the chapter readings or from the list provided by your professor.
  2. Research/find a minimum of at least four (4), preferably five (5) or more, different peer-reviewed articles on your topic from the University of the Cumberlands Library online business database. The article(s) must be relevant and from a peer-reviewed source. While you may use relevant articles from any time frame, current/published within the last five (5) years are preferred. Using literature that is irrelevant or unrelated to the chosen topic will result in a point reduction.
  3. Write a four (4) to five (5) page double spaced paper in APA format discussing the findings on your specific topic in your own words. Notepaper length does not include a cover page, abstract, or references page(s).
  4. Structure your paper as follows:
    1. Cover page
    2. An overview describing the importance of the research topic to current business and professional practice in your own words.
    3. The purpose of Research should reflect the potential benefit of the topic to the current business and professional practice and the larger body of research.
    4. Review of the Literature summarized in your own words. Note that this should not be a “copy and paste” of literature content, nor should this section be substantially filled with direct quotes from the article. A literature review is a summary of the major points and findings of each of the selected articles (with appropriate citations). Direct quotations should be used sparingly. Normally, this will be the largest section of your paper (this is not a requirement; just a general observation).
    5. Practical Application of the literature. Describe how your findings from the relevant research literature can shape, inform, and improve current business and professional practice related to your chosen topic.
    6. Conclusion in your own words
    7. References formatted according to APA style requirements