Students will construct an annotated bibliography. An annotated bibliography is a list of

citations of articles, books, and other publications on a particular topic. Each citation is followed by a

relatively brief paragraph that summarizes the source’s argument and other relevant material including its

intended audience, sources of evidence, and methodology. The assignment will be completed individually

and out of class.

The annotated bibliography consists of two elements:

1. The citation in current AMA style format

2. The Annotation – The annotation should consist of one paragraph using whole complete

sentences in the third person and should be approximately 150-200 words in length. The assignment

should be typed, double spaced, in Times New Roman 12 font, 1” margin.

The annotation should include most, if not all, of the following:

 Explanation of main purpose

 Description of content

 Focus of article

 Relevance of topic

 Type of intended audience

 Evaluate its method, conclusion and/or reliability

 Strengths / weaknesses or biases

 Your own brief impression of the work

Assessment: The assignment will be assessed according to the criteria identified in the grading rubric on

the attached page.

This week’s first assignment is STEP 3 – Literature Review and Critical Appraisal.

The student will complete the following items and submit a Word doc to the assignment link. 

1. Provide a title that conveys or describes the assignment.
2. Literature Review – Provide the key terms used to guide the search for the evidence and provide at least five (5) summaries of research studies to support the evidence.
3. Critical Appraisal of Literature – Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence, what is known from the evidence and any gaps in knowledge from the research evidence.
4. References – Cite a minimum of five scholarly references in APA 6th ed format. 4 pages

Expectations

my PICO formatted project question is Question: On a medical-surgical hospital unit (P), how does implementing hourly nursing rounding (I), compared to no scheduled rounding (C), affect patient safety (O), within 6 months of implementing (T)?

What role does your facility play in keeping people healthy? Would the Health Leads program work in your facility? Why or why not?

Thinking about your experiences as a student nurse, have you observed effective communication improve patient care outcomes? Have you observed the impact of poor communication on patient outcomes?

INSTRUCTIONS

Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum three paragraphs per DQ, with a minimum of three sentences each paragraph.

·      All answers or discussions comments submitted must be in APA format according to Publication Manual American Psychological Association (APA) (6th ed.) 2009 ISBN: 978-1-4338-0561-5

·      Minimum of two references, not older than 2015.

1. Directly respond to at least one classmate in a way that extends meaningful discussions, adds new information, and/or offers alternative perspectives.

Racial and ethnic minorities are less likely to have healthcare coverage, which may have minor interaction with the healthcare system (CDC, 2017). They are more than likely to get dental care and preventative care such as cancer screenings, blood pressure checks, and vaccinations. Racial and ethnic minorities also have a high probability of going to the emergency department for a condition that is not deemed an emergency that could have been treated at a routine appointment (Gindi, Cohen, & Kirzinger, 2012). According to Shi, we should be mindful of vulnerable populations (2014, p.122). We should care because everybody should be entitled to quality healthcare. If we focused more on quality care given to vulnerable populations, it could provide more awareness into health system issues or identify complications that could go unnoticed.

             Vulnerable populations affect healthcare administrators in many ways. Language barriers are common factors that limit access to care. Providers have a hard time screening ethnic minorities that are not proficient in English. The lack of not having a regular source of care (RSC) decreases the possibility of receiving coordinated care, which could impact quality treatment (Shi, 2014). To promote equity, we must first acknowledge the underlying causes and circumstances of vulnerable populations and provide solutions.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (28 Dcember, 2017). Minority health events. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/events/index.html

Gindi, R., Cohen, R., Kirzinger, K. (2012). Emergency room use among adults ageds 18-64: early release of estimates from the national health interview survey. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/emergency_room_use_january-june_2011.pdf

Shi, L. (2014). Health policy for diverse populations. In Introduction to health policy, pp. 118-149. Chicago: Health Administration Press. Available in the Trident Online Library.

A medication error is considered one of the main things that harm sick people in hospital settings (White, Dudley-Brown & Terhaar, 2016). Prevention and curing of illnesses or abnormalities can be done by medication through administering of drugs to patients. The occurrence of adverse events in medication administration can be caused when errors happen; this can be witnessed when their intended uses are interrupted due to several causes. Most serious forms of medical errors are from mistakes on medications. The discussion on this paper will be about mistakes on medication, participants involved and their accountability in reducing distractions causing mistakes on medication, and ways to use to make sure there are collaborations and communications that are effective.

Stakeholders

The patients are considered to be the first stakeholders in this case since they are recipients of the medications. The medication errors make the patients be the bigger victims since the errors can forever change their lives.

The employees who have the responsibility of administering the medication are the second stakeholders. An explanation of the management and the board and a possible punishment should follow after an employee makes a medication error.         

The firm represented by the board or the management is the third stakeholder since the principle “superior respondeat” can happen in cases like those. This means that the (firm) employer will take the liabilities committed by employees.

The government is considered the last stakeholder because they follow up when patients sue the firms. Ensuring that justice is served to the patients is the government’s key plan, and they can also have the firms fined for negligence.

Working as a team

In situations where the healthcare specialists with different disciplines collaborate to ensure the right care and improvement of patient outcomes and patients’ safety through the reduction of errors is referred to as interprofessional collaboration. Every member of the team has to understand every person’s scope of practice, education level, and expertise to ensure the efficiency of interprofessional collaboration. The healthcare team’s purposes are coming together to bring diverse views about healthcare practitioners and strive to bring them together to achieve set goals while developing proficient teamwork skills. 

There is an assurance of employee satisfaction and positive patient outcomes in organizations that value multidisciplinary teams (White, Dudley-Brown & Terhaar, 2016). As discussed above, the stakeholders work with other professionals to form an interdisciplinary team that promotes quality patient delivery while maintaining a smooth flow of the organization’s operations. The staff needs to understand their roles and delegate responsibilities appropriately to ensure there is effective interprofessional collaboration. Working as a team yields many benefits, including but not limited to improving patient satisfaction scores, decrease the length of hospital stay, improve patient outcomes, and limiting adverse events (Dang & Dearholt, 2018). In order to meet these goals, healthcare administration must provide quality support to staff and appropriate staffing in each unit.

Strategic Solutions 

Dang & Dearholt (2018) argues that non-maleficence is a fundamental principle in nursing ethics because it makes healthcare practitioners stick to their oath of not harming any patient. Maintaining patient safety is defined by different factors, among them, being preventing medication errors. One of the strategies that can I can adopt to ensure healthcare professionals do not make mistakes that would jeopardize patients’ safety is educating on patient safety (White, Dudley-Brown & Terhaar, 2016). Secondly, introducing training programs within the organization will help professionals keep safety at the forefront and lessen the chances of becoming complacent with da recurring activities. I believe that a facility that puts safety as a priority cultivates a culture and atmosphere that values patient safety in their practices. These mistakes can be used as learning tools within the organization rather than using them as a punishment for not promoting safety and prevention (White, Dudley-Brown & Terhaar, 2016). When healthcare practitioners understand the benefits of reducing interruptions through education, Dang & Dearholt (2018) says higher chances they will comply with enacted policies such as avoiding non-work-related conversions in particular areas such as patient wards and medication rooms. Lastly, modern technology is linking smart infusion pumps with health information platforms. Healthcare facilities should incorporate electronic health records technologies to assist pharmacists and other professionals in prescribing correct drug dosage. As a result, a significant amount of medication administration errors would be reduced and increase productivity.

 Must be at least 500 words with at least 2 scholarly articles within the past 5 years.  APA format, no Plagiarism.  

Medication Errors Led to Disastrous Outcomes

1. Search the internet and learn about the cases of nurses Julie Thao and Kimberly Hiatt.
2. List and discuss lessons that you and all healthcare professionals can learn from these two cases.
3. Describe how the principle of beneficence and the virtue of benevolence could be applied to these cases. Do you think the hospital administrators handled the situations legally and ethically?
4. In addition to benevolence, which other virtues exhibited by their colleagues might have helped Thao and Hiatt?
5. Discuss personal virtues that might be helpful to second victims themselves to navigate the grieving process.

Gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary disorders affect the structure and function of the GI tract. Many of these disorders often have similar symptoms, such as abdominal pain, cramping, constipation, nausea, bloating, and fatigue. Since multiple disorders can be tied to the same symptoms, it is important for advanced practice nurses to carefully evaluate patients and prescribe a treatment that targets the cause rather than the symptom. Once the underlying cause is identified, an appropriate drug therapy plan can be recommended based on medical history and individual patient factors. In this Assignment, you examine a case study of a patient who presents with symptoms of a possible GI/hepatobiliary disorder, and you design an appropriate drug therapy plan.

To Prepare

· Review the case study assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment

· Reflect on the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and drugs currently prescribed.

· Think about a possible diagnosis for the patient. Consider whether the patient has a disorder related to the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary system or whether the symptoms are the result of a disorder from another system or other factors, such as pregnancy, drugs, or a psychological disorder.

· Consider an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed.

Write a 1-page paper that addresses the following:

· Explain your diagnosis for the patient, including your rationale for the diagnosis.

· Describe an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed.

· Justify why you would recommend this drug therapy plan for this patient. Be specific and provide examples.

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. 

Write a 1+ page paper that addresses the following:

1. Explain your diagnosis for the patient, including your rationale for the diagnosis.

2. Describe an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed.

3. Justify why you would recommend this drug therapy plan for this patient. Be specific and provide examples.

Case study assigned: 

Patient HL comes into the clinic with the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The patient has a history of drug abuse and possible Hepatitis C. HL is currently taking the following prescription drugs:

· Synthroid 100 mcg daily

· Nifedipine 30 mg daily

· Prednisone 10 mg daily

due 11/29/2020 Sunday @7pm EST

4-6 pages

APA format

Submit through Turnitin and provide the report (must be less than 10%)

minimum of 5 scholarly article or journal with links to the FULL article or journal