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ASSIGNMENT OVERVIEW:

Hallmark Assignment objectives include:

• Research and complete a concept map of the ‘5 Rights of Delegation’.
• Apply the concept of clinical judgment to the Shadow Health scenario and the teaching plan.
• Create a PowerPoint presentation reflective of a comprehensive teaching plan for a group of new graduate registered nurses.

ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS:

 This week you will build on your previous research and simulation experience to now create an in-service presentation for graduate nurses. You are the expert on delegation and plan to share your knowledge with your peers. Research, design, and submit a ‘Delegation In-Service’ PowerPoint presentation based on the guidelines below. This assignment should also follow 7th edition APA guidelines.

Submit 8-12 PowerPoint slides including speaker notes. Utilize in-text citations as well as a reference slide. 

SLIDE REQUIREMENTS:

 Slides should include the following:

• Title slide
• List and define the ‘5 Rights of Delegation’
  • Give an example of each of how a nurse will perform each.
  • You may use your prior research from the concept map assignment.
• What tasks can never be delegated and must be performed by the registered nurse?
  • Identify and list at least 4 tasks.
• Delegation to UAP:
  • Assuming a stable client, identify and list at least 6 tasks the RN commonly delegates to a UAP.
• Delegation to LPN:
  • Assuming a stable client, identify and list at least 6 tasks the RN commonly delegates to an LPN.
• Barriers to delegation include underdelegation, overdelegation, and improper delegation.
  • Define each of these and give at least 1 example of each. 
• Reference slide

SLIDE CONTENT:

• Key Points: Utilize concise phrases (maximum 8 words, 5 lines) on each slide.
• Visual Aids: Incorporate graphs, images, or diagrams to enhance understanding and engagement.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS:

• Conduct thorough research to support your content and findings.
• Use as many references as needed to produce a professional presentation.
• Ensure clear definitions and practical examples accompany each topic on the slides.
• Speaker’s notes should elaborate on the key points mentioned in the slides.

Reply the following discussion, at least 150 words, APA style, No IA, Turnitin less than 20%, 2 reference or more 

The opioid crisis in the United States has significantly influenced the approach to managing chronic pain by clinicians, including advanced practice nurses (Coffee et al., 2024). Initially considered one of the essential elements of pain management, opioids are now being questioned for their addictive and deadly impact. For advanced nursing practice pharmacology students, understanding how to reduce pain without causing more harm is paramount. Hence, compelling and successful chronic pain management involves a comprehensive, evidence-based approach. This approach is patient-centered, with an emphasis on safety, performance, and conservative medication use.

This context aims to explore chronic pain, which is pain that lasts for more than three months or beyond the normal recovery period. This type of pain (chronic pain) affects millions of Americans and poses significant physical, emotional, and socioeconomic burdens. Opioids, while effective for acute and cancer-related pain, present numerous challenges when used in the long term for non-malignant chronic pain (Nadeau, Wu & Lawhern, 2021). However, liberal prescribing practices for opioids for pain over the last two decades have been associated with increased cases of misuse, addiction, overdoses, and deaths, leading to a national public health crisis.

An initial and fundamental step in the management of chronic pain involves a thorough assessment of the patient. This encompasses pain history, functional impairment, treatment history, psychiatric profile, and factors associated with substance use disorder. Validated screening tools such as the Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) and the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R) can be used to assess those with a higher risk (Esteve et al., 2022).

Prescribing opioids must adhere to the rule “lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration.” Initial prescriptions should favor immediate-release formulations over extended-release options. Moreover, treatment goals should be clearly defined in terms of both pain relief and functional improvement. The CDC guidelines stress that the goals are attainable, the potential risks and benefits are communicated to the patient, and that informed consent is necessary.

Non-opioid and Non-Pharmacologic Approaches

Advanced practice nurses ought to possess a comprehensive knowledge of pain management procedures. Non-opioid pharmacologic therapies—such as acetaminophen, NSAIDs, certain antidepressants (for example, duloxetine), and anticonvulsants (for example, gabapentin, pregabalin)—can offer significant relief, particularly for neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain syndromes (Ayub et al., 2024).

Equally important are non-pharmacologic interventions. Pain treatment involves cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), physical therapy, acupuncture, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and other integrative therapies, which have proven to be effective in alleviating pain and enhancing the quality of life. A biopsychosocial model of pain that incorporates pharmacological treatment, as well as psychological and social interventions, is considered optimal. In this model, the patients are treated by a team of doctors, APNs, psychologists, physiotherapists, and social workers.

Preventing opioid misuse and overdose is a moral and clinical imperative. For patients at increased risk, such as those on high-dose opioids or those using concomitant benzodiazepines, who might experience respiratory depression, it is recommended that naloxone, an opioid antagonist, be prescribed simultaneously. Additional education about proper storage and disposal of unused medication and the signs of overdose is another way to empower patients and families.

The prescription of opioids has legal and ethical implications that are pretty profound. Advanced practice nurses must keep up with federal or state laws and policies on the use of controlled substances as well as other standards of professional practice. Documentation should be clear and cover the treatments’ rationale, patient counseling and consent, and follow-up care.

Navigating the complexities of chronic pain management in the context of the opioid epidemic requires a multifaceted, patient-centered approach. Hence, pharmacology in an advanced nursing practice requires a more profound knowledge of pain and its mechanisms, opioids and how they work, and the science behind addiction. 

 Reply the following discussion in APA style, No IA, use 150 words or more, Turnitin less than 20 %, 2 or more references.

The opioid epidemic has significantly impacted healthcare practices in the United States, highlighting the importance of safe and effective chronic pain management. Advanced practice nurses (APNs) must balance the necessity of treating chronic pain with the responsibility of minimizing the risks of opioid misuse, dependence, and overdose. To achieve this, evidence-based strategies are vital in clinical decision-making.

A comprehensive, multimodal approach is recommended for chronic pain treatment. Non-pharmacologic and non-opioid pharmacologic therapies should be prioritized when possible, including physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and antidepressants. When opioids are deemed necessary, they should be prescribed at the lowest effective dose, with a preference for immediate-release formulations over extended-release versions (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022).

Before initiating opioid therapy, clinicians should perform a thorough patient assessment, including pain history, functional goals, psychological status, and risk factors for opioid misuse. Educating patients about the risks and benefits of opioid therapy is essential, as is obtaining informed consent. Treatment agreements and periodic reassessment help promote accountability and safety. The use of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) and urine drug screening are effective tools for monitoring adherence and detecting potential misuse (Dowell et al., 2022).

Ongoing monitoring and follow-up are crucial. Providers should regularly evaluate the patient’s progress toward functional goals, assess side effects, and watch for signs of misuse or opioid use disorder. If opioids are not providing meaningful improvement in function or quality of life, tapering or discontinuation should be considered, with support and alternative therapies offered.

In conclusion, safe opioid prescribing requires a patient-centered, evidence-based approach that includes careful assessment, risk mitigation strategies, and continuous monitoring. APNs are in a pivotal position to lead these efforts and advocate for responsible pain management practices that prioritize both relief and safety.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain — United States, 2022. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/guideline/index.html

Dowell, D., Ragan, K. R., Jones, C. M., Baldwin, G. T., Chou, R., & Duong, N. (2022). CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain — United States, 2022. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(3), 1–95. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7103a1

Please ensure that the Reply includes more than 200 words of scholarly articles and that the plagiarism level remains below 20%.

Sustainable Strategies for the Treatment of Chronic Pain While Reducing Opioid Misuse and Overdose

As the opioid epidemic sweeps the silver states of the United States, it emphasizes the need for healthcare trainees, especially advanced practice nurses, to implement safe and evidence-based techniques to treat chronic pain. Moreover, although opioids can be effective in the right setting, their potential for misuse, dependence, and overdose requires a judicious and multifaceted approach to patient care. Advanced practice nurses specializing in pharmacology must be aware of strategic approaches that enhance pain relief while decreasing adverse effects.

Risk-Benefit Assessment and Patient-Centered Care.

Conducting a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s pain condition, medical history, and risk factors for opioid misuse is an important and necessary first step in the safe management of chronic pain. The Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) as well as the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R) are tools that can help identify high-risk individuals (Butler et al., 2008). Shared decision-making is important: Patients should be informed about both opioid and non-opioid approaches and be involved in choosing the most appropriate treatment approach.

Use of Non-Opioids and Multimodal Pain Management

Doctors suggest multimodal pain management to decrease opioid use. Non-opioid pharmacologic options include acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antidepressants (i.e., duloxetine), anticonvulsants (i.e., gabapentin), and topical agents (Dowell et al., 2022). The treatment of chronic pain includes non-pharmacologic options like physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acupuncture, and interventional procedures (e.g., nerve blocks), among others.

Opioid Prescribing Practices That Are Safe

Guidance on evidence-based prescribing practices is imperative for patients who need opioids. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises initiating treatment with the lowest effective dose of narcotics possible and, when practical, an immediate-release formulation (Dowell et al., 2022). Regular monitoring through urine drug screening, prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), and reassessment of pain and function facilitates early detection of opioid misuse. Co-prescribing naloxone for patients at risk of overdose is also an important harm reduction strategy.

Conclusion

By applying safer chronic pain management strategies, advanced practice nurses are pivotal to combating the opioid epidemic. In the absence of early detection and treatment through multimodal pain approaches and adherence to evidence-based guidelines on opioid prescribing, however, the risk for misuse and overdose becomes exceedingly high.

References

Butler, S. F., Fernandez, K., Benoit, C., Budman, S. H., & Jamison, R. N. (2008). Validation of the revised Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain (SOAPP-R). The Journal of Pain, 9(4), 360-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2007.11.014

Dowell, D., Ragan, K. R., Jones, C. M., Baldwin, G. T., Chou, R., & Paulozzi, L. (2022). CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain—United States, 2022. MMWR Recommendations and Reports, 71(3), 1–95. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7103a1

With opioid deaths increasing, AMA urges expansion of proven treatment | American Medical Association. https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/opioid-deaths-increasing-ama-urges-expansion-proven-treatment

PLEASE READ THE ATTACHED FILE. 500 WORDS

Differences in Language Between Public and Academic/Professional Audiences

      When communicating research findings, the language used must be tailored to effectively reach the intended audience. Speaking to a public audience versus an academic or professional audience requires distinct approaches, though certain techniques remain consistent across contexts (Melo & Bishop, 2020). Understanding these differences is crucial for nursing professionals seeking to bridge the research-practice gap through effective knowledge translation. When addressing a public audience, nursing researchers must prioritize accessibility by using everyday language that avoids jargon and technical terminology. Complex research concepts need to be translated into relatable examples and narratives that connect with listeners’ lived experiences. For instance, rather than discussing “decreased mortality rates associated with early intervention protocols,” a presenter might say, “patients who received early care were more likely to survive and recover faster” (Brownson et al., 2018). The emphasis is on clarity and relevance, helping the public understand why the research matters to their health and wellbeing.

     In contrast, academic and professional audiences expect and understand specialized terminology. Presentations to these groups typically maintain greater technical precision, statistical detail, and methodological rigor. When presenting to fellow nursing professionals, a researcher might specify that “implementation of standardized early warning scoring systems resulted in a statistically significant 27% reduction in ICU admissions.” This precision provides the evidence-based foundation that professional audiences require to evaluate and potentially implement findings in their practice (Shato et al., 2023). Despite these differences, several communication techniques remain similar across audience types. Both contexts benefit from strong storytelling elements that frame the research within a meaningful narrative. For example, beginning a presentation with a compelling patient case study can engage both public and professional audiences by establishing the real world significance of the research question. The difference lies in how the subsequent information is presented with technical detail for professionals or accessible explanations for the public. Another similarity is the importance of visual communication. Effective presenters use visuals strategically for both audience types, though the complexity and information density may be different. A public presentation might feature simplified infographics showing general trends, while a professional presentation would include more detailed data visualizations. However, both benefit from thoughtful visual design that reinforces key messages and maintains audience engagement (Woloshin et al., 2023).

       The growing availability of diverse presentation technologies from webcasting to podcasting has expanded opportunities for reaching both public and professional audiences. This technological evolution requires nurses to develop versatility in their communication approaches, adapting content appropriately while maintaining scientific integrity. As the nursing profession continues to increase the number of doctorally prepared practitioners, the ability to communicate effectively across different contexts becomes increasingly valuable for transforming patient care through the dissemination of evidence-based practices. Understanding these communication differences and similarities helps nursing professionals become more effective knowledge translators, ultimately contributing to reducing the persistent gap between research findings and clinical implementation.

References

Brownson, R. C., Eyler, A. A., Harris, J. K., Moore, J. B., & Tabak, R. G. (2018). Getting the Word Out: New Approaches for Disseminating Public Health Science. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 24(2), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000673

Melo, S., & Bishop, S. (2020). Translating healthcare research evidence into practice: The role of linked boundary objects. Social Science & Medicine, 246, 112731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112731

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Shato, T., Kepper, M. M., McLoughlin, G. M., Tabak, R. G., Glasgow, R. E., & Brownson, R. C. (2023). Designing for Dissemination among Public Health and Clinical Practitioners in the United States. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2023.695

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Woloshin, S., Yang, Y., & Fischhoff, B. (2023). Communicating health information with visual displays. Nature Medicine, 29(5), 1085–1091. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02328-1

The opioid epidemic in the United States has raised critical concerns about the appropriate use of opioids for chronic pain management. As advanced nursing practice pharmacology students, understanding the risks, benefits, and evidence-based strategies is essential. How to safely approach chronic pain patients while minimizing the potential for opioid misuse and overdose?

Every student must provide a substantive response to the topic of the discussion 

APA format is mandatory. At least 3 appropriate references should be used. No “IA” 

Post at least 350 words.

Turnitin less than 20 %

Please ensure that the Reply includes more than 200 words of scholarly articles and that the plagiarism level remains below 20%.

Discussion Post: The Opioid Epidemic and Chronic Pain Management

The problem of opioid drugs in the United States has evolved into a severe epidemic that hurts the well-being of people, their relatives, and society. Thus, the students of advanced nursing practice pharmacology need to determine the stimulant applicability and the issues connected with opioid use in the aspect of chronic pain treatment. It is estimated that millions of Americans experience chronic pain; however, the administration of opioids for chronic pain has brought about the current problem (Olfson et al., 2023). Therefore, the best approach to chronic pain patients should incorporate research-based solutions to ensure that there is minimal compromise of the health of this patient through opioids while, at the same time, providing them with the requisite pain relief that they need.

Risks and Benefits of Opioid Use

Opioids are strong pain relievers, and they, therefore, can be useful in managing the chronic pain of patients. However, recreational use is attached to specific dangers, which are addiction, tolerance, dependence, and overdose possibilities. Dowell (2022) has mentioned that opioids are effective only in acute pain, but for chronic pain, more harm is incurred than benefit. Hence, it is important to take over every patient and look for other options for managing the pain before prescribing opioids.

Evidence-Based Strategies for Safe Opioid Use

To reduce the risk of opioid abuse and deaths, advanced practice nurses should follow evidence-based procedures. According to CDC, the following are some of the measures that can be taken;

Comprehensive Patient Assessment: Assess the pain characteristics, comorbidities, extent of expected opioid use, and specific risks of opioid abuse before initiating therapy with opioids. This consists of psychiatric check-ups, such as checking for substance use disorder and other mental health disorders.

Use of Non-Opioid Therapies: The non-pharmacological and non-opioid therapies, including physical therapy, psychological therapy, and other medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen, should be the first-line interventions for chronic pain.

Lowest Effective Dose: When opioids in any form are required, it is advisable to administer the minimum dose just adequate to alleviate the arising pain and for the shortest possible time only (Olfson et al., 2023). Clinically review the evaluation of a patient’s pain and functional status to identify whether opioids should be continued or not.

Patient Education: Provide patients with an understanding of the general dangers associated with opioids that involve the use of these drugs and dependency, overdoses, and the like. Promote proper storage and disposal of opioids to help minimize this problem among other people as much as possible.

Monitoring and Follow-Up: There should be effective prescription and boosting follow-up checks as the patient vessels continue to take opioids regularly (Dowell, 2022). This includes the detection of illicit use of substances through urine tests, the use of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), and regular assessment of the patient’s pain and general condition. 

Conclusion

Chronic pain is one of the most pressing issues nowadays, and opioids are one of the most problematic substances that need special attention. It is noble for any APN to find ways of providing patients with relief from pain while at the same time minimizing the risks that are associated with opioid use and abuse. Despite the risks that are associated with opioid consumption, it is necessary to prevent the misuse and consumption of opioids concerning patient-centered approaches that will allow attending to people with chronic pain.

References

Dowell, D. (2022). CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain—United States, 2022. MMWR. Recommendations and reports, 71.  

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm?os=www.nbcchicago.com&ref=app

Olfson, M., Waidmann, T., King, M., Pancini, V., & Schoenbaum, M. (2023). Population-based opioid prescribing and overdose deaths in the USA: an observational study. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 38(2), 390-398.    

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-022-07686-z

NARCOTICS Anonymous

My experience: I attended a Narcotics Anonymous meeting and had the opportunity to listen to several individuals share their stories—some who have made progress in overcoming their active addiction. Many spoke about leaving their families for drugs and combining drug use with alcohol. One individual shared how they had become dependent on the drug just to function. The experience was an eye-opener and reminded me of how resilient a person can be.

Objectives After your one-day clinical experience, you will be able to: 1. Identify and briefly describe purpose of the support group and/or services offered to the clients. 2. Identify types of clients, problems and issues discussed, education provided, and role of the group leader. 3. Describe the needs of the group. 4. Explain the effect of substance abuse on the client. 5. The recovery model is an important component of substance abuse treatment. Why is the model so challenging for the client(s)? 6. Describe your experience and/or concerns after having attended the group.

Using the College’s format (APA – 6th edition) for typed written assignments, the assignment is to be 2 pages (not counting title page and reference page and no abstract is needed) and address the objectives stated above. If you used an article, please attach the first page of article to the end of the assignment.

My experience: I attended a Narcotics Anonymous meeting and had the opportunity to listen to several individuals share their stories—some who have made progress in overcoming their active addiction. Leaving their family for the drugs and also combining the drugs with alcholic. One has become dependent on the drug to function. The experience was an eye opener and it reminds me on how resilient an indicual could be