Module 2: Topic, PICO Question, & Article

 

Choose a topic from the topic list on the attached instructions.

Write a PICO question that relates to your topic.

Find a quantitative nursing research article. Make sure that it is actually nursing research. You may not use any of the following:

  • A retrospective study (exceptions as noted on worksheet)
  • A mixed methods study
  • A qualitative research article
  • A systematic review
  • A quality improvement article
  • An evidence based practice article

You may not use the article that is being used for the RACs in this course session.

If you are repeating the class, you may not use the article or topic that you used for your last attempt at this class.

You may receive help from librarians in finding an article, but you are ultimately responsible for whether it meets requirements or not.

Upload the worksheet and your article. The article must be in pdf format.

Topics

Addiction

Adherence

Alarm safety

Comfort

Delirium

Depression

Diabetes management

Discharge teaching

Falls

Functional ability

Health and wellbeing of nurses

Hospital readmission rates

Infection control

Mobility

Pain

Prenatal teaching

Prevention of post operative complications

Prevention of pressure ulcers

Sleep disturbances

Stress

Now, we will construct your question.

First, make sure that your question is a practice question, not a research question.

A practice question is a question that answers a problem you have as a practicing nurse. A research question focuses more on basic knowledge. Sometimes there is some overlap, and there are questions that could be either practice questions or research question.

First, identify each element of your PICO on the line below, then take a look at the templates below to help you formulate a PICO(T) question.

P: Population/disease ( i.e. age, gender, ethnicity, with a certain disorder)

P: _______________________________________________________________

I: Intervention or Variable of Interest (exposure to a disease, risk behavior, prognostic factor) Note: Not every question will have an intervention (as in a meaning question – see below).

I: _______________________________________________________________

C: Comparison: (could be a placebo or “business as usual” as in no disease, absence of risk factor). Note: This is not used in a meaning question – see below.

C: ______________________________________________________________

O: Outcome: (risk of disease, accuracy of a diagnosis, rate of occurrence of adverse outcome)

O: _______________________________________________________________

T: Time: The time it takes to demonstrate an outcome (e.g. the time it takes for the intervention to achieve an outcome or how long participants are observed). This is an optional “add-on” for a PICO question.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

For PICO questions about a nursing intervention/therapy:

In _______(P), what is the effect of _______(I) on ______(O) compared with _______(C) within ________ (T)?

For PICO etiology questions:

Are ____ (P) who have _______ (I) at ___ (increased/decreased) risk for/of_______ (O) compared with ______ (P) with/without ______ (C) over _____ (T)?

For PICO questions involving prevention:

For ________ (P) does the use of ______ (I) reduce the future risk of ________ (O) compared with _________ (C)?

For PICO questions that predict:

Does __________ (I) influence ________ (O) in patients who have _______ (P) over ______ (T)?

When you have decided on the final form of your topic and your PICO(T) question, fill out the worksheet and upload it in Canvas. Be sure to upload your quantitative nursing research article as well.

Topic, PICO(T), and Article Worksheetv3.docx

Actions

View Rubric
 

GOALS

 

  • Review the resources and clinical skills in the PMHNP Clinical Skills List document. It is recommended that you print out this document to serve as a guide throughout your practicum. 
  • Review the “Developing SMART Goals” resource on how to develop goals and objectives that follow the SMART framework.
  • Review the resources on nursing competencies and nursing theory, and consider how these inform your practice.
  • Download the Clinical Skills Self-Assessment Form to complete this Assignment.  

The Assignment

Use the PMHNP Clinical Skills Self-Assessment Form to complete the following:   

  • Rate yourself according to your confidence level performing the skills identified on the Clinical Skills Self-Assessment Form.  
  • Based on your ratings, summarize your strengths and opportunities for improvement.   
  • Based on your self-assessment and theory of nursing practice, develop 3–4 measurable goals and objectives for this practicum experience. Include them on the designated area of the form.   

By Day 7 of Week 1

nursing statistics

 This upcoming task will ideally, but not necessarily, be focused on a topic you are interested in as a possible topic for the project you will conduct. The purpose of this project is not for you to draft parts of the project you will conduct. The purpose is for you to demonstrate how to formulate a data analysis plan that will fulfill the purpose of a practice change project. Here is the outline of part of the content of a proposal for a hypothetical DNP project with a focus on statistical analysis. DNP projects are a type of translational research – translating previous research into practice. For this task, you should use a previously published project or research study as the basis for the methodology of a hypothetical project. When this is done in an actual project, the previous research methodology is adopted to the specific setting, patients, and time frame for the project. Cite the research study that you are using as a basis for your proposal Use this outline to organize your contribution this week. 

  • State the purpose of the project. Cite the research that is the basis for the proposal.
  • Transform the purpose statement into a PICOT-formatted project question (See the Gallagher & Melnyk, 2019, editorial for additional information cited under the Instructional Resources for this week.).
    • P = Population – who will be included in the project and how many groups will be studied in the project.
    • I = Intervention – the treatment or intervention that will be manipulated or changed during the implementation phase of the project.
    • C = Comparison – the usual treatment or intervention used prior to the project.
    • O = Outcome – the characteristic that will be measured to determine the effect of the intervention.
      • Find or identify a data collection instrument to measure this variable and give the name of the instrument.
      • Indicate what type of variable this instrument collects (categorical or continuous) and what level of measurement it is (nominal, ordinal, interval, variable).
    • T = Time: Total time for data collection from the start of data collection to the end. 
  • Data analysis – Descriptive statistics:
    • Identify the descriptive statistics that will be used to organize and summarize the data collected that will fulfill the purpose of the study – choose one of the descriptive statistics listed below and give the rationale for your choice based on the type of data produced by the data collection instrument:
      • Measure of central tendency with measure of variability and range.
      • Frequency with percentages.
  • Describe the most effective method to use for illustrating the descriptive statistics with a graph or histogram.
  • Data analysis – inferential statistic:
    • Name the most appropriate inferential statistic to use to fulfill the purpose of the study:
    • Give the rationale for your choice based on the purpose statement, PICO-formatted project question, and the type of data produced by the data collection instrument.
    • What are the assumptions for this test?
  • Write the null and alternative hypotheses for the inferential statistic in words and in an equation using the same designations of the population, variables, and time that were used in the purpose statement and PICOT-formatted project question.
  • How will the effect size of the findings be determined? Give the rationale for your choice based on the inferential test used.

Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

 

  • Read the articles by Sikka, Morath, & Leape (2015); Crabtree, Brennan, Davis, & Coyle (2016); and Kim et al. (2016) provided in the Resources.
  • Reflect on how EBP might impact (or not impact) the Quadruple Aim in healthcare.
  • Consider the impact that EBP may have on factors impacting these quadruple aim elements, such as preventable medical errors or healthcare delivery.