See attached.

Answer the following using the given link:- https://www.zdnet.com/article/third-malware-strain-discovered-in-solarwinds-supply-chain-attack/

Question 1: Explain the issue discussed as you understand it.

Question 2: Who is impacted? And how are they impacted?

Question 3: what are possible mitigations or ways to avoid the negative impacts?

  In chapter 4, the author describes four types of costs that blockchain technology can reduce. Which of the four cost types, if reduced through blockchain technology, would most impact the organization for which you currently work?  What would be the most visible impact on your job role? How could you minimize any negative impact? and also ask three questions to students.  

Journal (Original Post) Structure:

Title

Introduction

Content

Conclusion

Reference list

Please follow the instructions APA Format.

Description

Defend your choice of topic in 500 words or more. Include at least 3 expert supporting quotes surrounded by quotation marks and cited in-line. Provide an annotated reference list at the end.

Annotations consist of two paragraphs of at least five sentences each about each of at least five references. The first paragraph should summarize the content of the source and the second are your thoughts or reflections about the source.

Reference citations should be in APA format for the proposal

 We have been assuming in chapter 3 that preemption incurs no over head. Let us now relax this assumption. Consider a 2 task system. Preemption overhead is x. Given e1 , e2 , P1 , P2 , obtain the maximum value of x for which the two tasks are RM schedulable. Note: e1, e2 are execution times. P1, P2 are periods. 

As outlined within this weeks topic, there are several benefits as well as challenges associated with the use of Big Data Analytics in the e-Healthcare industry. Pick one of the four concepts below and then identify the benefits and challenges associated with that concept. Do not simply list the benefits and challenges but detail them in a substantive, thorough post as it relates to that concept in the e-healthcare industry.

• Data Gathering
• Storage and Integration
• Data Analysis
• Knowledge Discovery and Information Interpretation

Please make your initial post and two response posts substantive. A substantive post will do at least two of the following:

• Ask an interesting, thoughtful question pertaining to the topic
• Answer a question (in detail) posted by another student or the instructor
• Provide extensive additional information on the topic
• Explain, define, or analyze the topic in detail
• Share an applicable personal experience
• Provide an outside source (for example, an article from the UC Library) that applies to the topic, along with additional information about the topic or the source (please cite properly in APA)
• Make an argument concerning the topic.

At least one scholarly source should be used in the initial discussion thread. Be sure to use information from your readings and other sources from the UC Library. Use proper citations and references in your post.

In CCA 610: Cloud Services and Technology, you assumed the role of an IT analyst at BallotOnline, a company providing electronic voting solutions worldwide. Your proposal to begin migrating systems to the cloud has been approved.BallotOnline has now initiated preparations for the cloud deployment. The company decided to start with deeper investigations of crucial technologies enabling cloud computing. You became acquainted with the basics of these technologies in CCA 610. In this project, you will conduct more in-depth investigation of cloud networking, which makes cloud connectivity on-demand operations possible. You need to have a good understanding of this as you prepare the BallotOnline network for migration to the cloud as well as designing the appropriate network infrastructure in the cloud for BallotOnline.To do that, you will assume the role of a BallotOnline network engineer. You will explore the network protocols that enable the company and its customers to connect to the cloud, as well as technologies making it possible to create on-demand in-cloud virtual networks into which the cloud resources will be deployed.You will conduct two lab experiments exploring the TCP/IP protocols and software-defined networking. You will also perform a subnetting task to demonstrate your understanding of TCP/IP network addressing. Your final deliverable will be the technical report describing your findings and explaining the use of these technologies for BallotOnline’s cloud deployment.

Step 1: Review Networking Concepts

In this step, you will establish an understanding of networking concepts and terms. It will help the recipients of your technical report, including BallotOnline’s technical management, to become familiar with networking vocabulary and definitions. You will start by reviewing basic networking concepts such as local area network (LAN), Ethernet, and packet switching—the technique of splitting transmitted data into smaller portions and transmitting them separately. Splitting data into packets, transmitting the packets reliably, and reassembling the data is performed by networking software. It is important to know about basic networking concepts since they serve as the underlying technology for cloud computing. This will ultimately prepare you to submit your technical report for this project. (http://intronetworks.cs.luc.edu/current/html/intro.html)Networking software follows the popular model of the layered design of network protocols, with each layer using the functionality of the layer below it and implementing new functionality to be used by the layer above. The technical report should include the popular internet suite of protocols—TCP/IP. Application protocols such as HTTP or SMTP are implemented in layers above TCP/IP. (http://intronetworks.cs.luc.edu/current2/html/tcpA.html?highlight=transmission%20control%20protocol)Other basic networking concepts include Domain Name Service, network firewalls, and Network Address Translation. As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you know that these protocols play an important role in enabling cloud computing. 

Step 2: Explore Internet Packet Switching—IP

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the workhorse of today’s internet connectivity. As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you know that today’s cloud computing is built on top of IP. Most communication between systems in the cloud is done using this protocol.IP employs the technique of packet switching, which breaks the data to be transmitted into smaller parts, called packets or datagrams, that are sent over the network independently. Understanding IP is crucial to designing and maintaining cloud deployments, which are provisioned within virtual IP networks and accessed via global internet. You will review the basic elements of IP protocol and include their brief discussion in your technical report.Network devices have a network address to allow other devices to connect to it. The network addresses used in IP are called IP addressing. BallotOnline will need IPv4 addressing to be able to provide network addresses to a cloud system and to create a virtual network in the cloud.Every system on the network must have an IP address. The assignments of IP addresses to the network systems can be done manually or dynamically through a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you know that manually assigning IP addresses is time-consuming and should only be used on a small number of systems where the IP address will not change frequently. (http://intronetworks.cs.luc.edu/current/html/ipv4.html#dynamic-host-configuration-protocol-dhcp)Because numeric addresses are not human-friendly, a domain/machine naming convention defines human-readable names for internet hosts. An internet-based service called DNS (Domain Name System) provides translation between the IP addresses and the domain names. In general, people will use the domain names when addressing a system on the internet instead of using its IP address. You will need to explain in the technical report how DNS is used alongside IP addresses.  As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you also know the importance of IP routing, the mechanism used to route the IP packets across the internet from the sender to the recipient. IP routing of IP packets is accomplished by network routers, which determine the next destination for each packet and are able to learn new routes. (http://dtucker.cs.edinboro.edu/IPRouting.htm) (https://www.learncisco.net/courses/icnd-1/lan-connections/packet-delivery-process-at-l3.html)

Step 3: Investigate Internet Transport—TCP

As robust as the IP protocol is, it does not perform the actual transmission of the data. In this step, you will investigate the network protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), responsible for creation, reliability of delivery, and proper assembling of data packets. In addition to IP, TCP is also widely used on the internet, especially for any network communication where it is essential to confirm receipt of the transmission. Many of the network protocols used to implement cloud computing use both TCP and IP. You will review TCP’s workings and discuss them in your final technical report. In general, there is no guarantee that a data packet will reach its destination. Packets can get lost or corrupted during transmission, and there are network applications where you need assurance that the packets have reached their destination. To achieve reliability, TCP establishes connections between communicating hosts, using port numbers to refer to applications on these hosts. Then, packets are created, sequenced, transmitted, acknowledged, and retransmitted if missing or containing errors. Finally, at the destination, they are reassembled into the original messages. To synchronize the flow of packets between sender and receiver, and avoid packet congestion in case of varying speeds, TCP uses sliding windows for packets remaining in processing at a given time, at both the sender and receiver ends. (http://intronetworks.cs.luc.edu/current/html/slidingwindows.html#sliding-windows)

Step 4: Review Advantages of IP Subnetting

One of the drawbacks of IPv4 is the maximum number of network devices it can support. IPv4 addressing uses a 32-bit network address. This allows for 232, or a little over 4 billion devices. However, today there are significantly more devices on the internet. Even though the more robust IPv6 version has been introduced and efforts are underway to assure wide adoption, IPv4 is still widely used. One method used to more efficiently use the IPv4 network addresses is a technique to optimize the addresses by splitting them into network addresses and host addresses within designated networks. 

You will need to take advantage of IP address splitting so that you can efficiently use and allocate the IPv4 network addresses that have been assigned to BallotOnline.For a given large network, rather than addressing all the hosts using the host part of the address, subnetting allows for splitting the network into several smaller ones by borrowing the host part bits and adding them to the network bits (http://intronetworks.cs.luc.edu/current/html/ipv4.html#ipv4-subnets ). 

It supports efficient management of local networks composed of multiple LANs. In this step, you will investigate subnetting conventions and discuss them in your final report in order to lay ground for the use of subnets by BallotOnline.As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you know that subnetting a network into several smaller and variable-sized networks will be best for the organization’s needs. 

BallotOnline has been assigned a network address block by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). ( https://www.iana.org/ )Because BallotOnline has several offices around the world, you will need to subnet this network address to assign just the right number of addresses to each office location based on the number of systems at that office location. The following is the network address assigned by IANA and the number of offices along with their sizes:

208.101.170.0/24 subnetted to 16 subnets and provide information for subnets #1, #4, #5, and #16

Your task is to create the appropriate number of subnets with the right size to optimize the network. Your technical report should include Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) notation, which allows for specifying a variable-length network as part of the IPv4 address, leaving the rest for addressing hosts within the network. ( https://opensource.com/article/16/12/cidr-network-notation-configuration-linux )

***Network address assigned by IANA and the number of offices along with their sizes***

+++Submission for Project 1: Subnetting+++

The first interim deliverable for Project 1 is for you to learn about subnetting and demonstrate that you know how to do this. 

208.101.170.0/24 subnetted to 16 subnets and provide information for subnets #1, #4, #5, and #16

The deliverable is for you to provide the following information for each of the subnet identified (there are four of them for each problem):

• Network address
• Subnet Mask
• Range of IP Addresses available
• Broadcast Address
• The number of subnets that you will be able to get
• The number of hosts that each subnet will be able to have

You will also need to show the calculation on how you get your answers.

• Inventory ManagementObjectives: Use inheritance to create base and child classes Utilize multiple classes in the same program Perform standard input validation Implement a solution that uses polymorphismProblem:A small electronics company has hired you to write an application to manage their inventory. The company requested a role-based access control (RBAC) to increase the security around using the new application. The company also requested that the application menu must be flexible enough to allow adding new menu items to the menu with minimal changes. This includes re-ordering the menu items and making changes tothe description of a menu item without having to change the code.Security:The company has suggested to start the application by prompting the user for a username and password to authenticate the user. There are two types of users at this company, managers and employees. If managers log on to the application, they will seeall options on the menu list. If employees log on to the application, they will see a limitedset of options on the menu list. User information is stored in Users.dat file, which may ormay not exist at the start of the program. A super user “admin” with password “admin” has already been hardcoded in the program to allow for the initial setup and the creationof other users. The Users.dat file contains the FirstName, LastName, Username (case insensitive), HashedPassword and a flag to indicate whether a user is a manager or not.The file is comma separated and it is formatted as follows:Joe, Last, jlast, 58c536ed8facc2c2a293a18a48e3e120, trueSam, sone, 2c2a293a18a48e3e12058c536ed8facc, falseJane, Best, jbest, 293a18a48e3e12052058c536ed8facc2c, falseNote: Ensure that the ‘AddUser’ function does not add duplicate values, and the ‘ChangePassword’ function does not change password if username/password is entered incorrectly. If adding a new user or changing the password is successful, return true, or else return false.
• Application Menu:The menu of the application is dynamically loaded and displayed to the user only after the user successfully logs on. The menu items will be loaded from file “MenuList.dat”, which may or may not exist at the start of the application. If the file doesn’t exist, the application should show at least an Exit menu item as default. The file will contain all menu items details, including the name of the command that will be executed when the menu item is selected. If a menu item is marked as restricted (Boolean flag), only managers can see that item. The file contains the following comma separated fields, Description, a Boolean flag to indicate if the option is restricted to managers only, and the name of the menu command that will be executed when the option is chosen. The order and option number of a menu item may change depending on how they are listed in the file. The Exit option will always be listed last and it will not be in the file.Below is a sample of how the MenuList.dat file looks like:Add User, true, AddUserCommandDelete User, true, DeleteUserCommandChange Password, false, ChangePasswordCommandAdd New Product, true, AddProductCommandNote:The command name of each menu item must match the name of the class that you will create in the code (See AddProductCommand class in the code for example).Inventory:The inventory consists of multiple products of type Product stored in class ProductCatalog. The ProductCatalog is responsible of all inventory operations that add, remove, find and update a product. When printing a product information, the product retail price should be calculated and displayed as well. Retail price = (cost + (margin * cost/100)). A list of functions has been added to this class in the provided code template. You must implement all listed functions. The inventory products will be saved in file Inventory.dat, which may or may not exist when the program first starts. The file will contain the product unique id (int), product name (string), cost (double), quantity (int)and margin (int, integer that represents margin percentage).The Inventory.dat file is comma separated and formatted as follows:3424, Smart Watch, 20.45, 23, 8065454, Flat Screen TV, 465.98, 15, 35435, Computer Monitor, 123.54, 84, 43Program Flow: Program starts in main() method Prompt user for username and password Authenticate user and maintain the logged-on user object Load inventory
•  Load and create menu list Display menu list and prompt the user for option Execute selected option Keep displaying the menu until the user chooses to exitOutput Format:Enter username: some usernameEnter password: some password //Repeat prompts until useris authenticated OR show error andoption to exit.Invalid username or password!Press enter to continue or “Exit” to exit:Enter username: some usernameEnter password: some passwordWelcome Firstname LastName!Inventory Management System Menu //This is the header of the MenuList// The order and option number of a menu item may change depending on how they are listed in the MenuList.dat file. The Exit option will always be listed last and it will not be in the MenuList.dat file.1- Add user2- Remove user3- Change password4- Add new product5- Update product information6- Delete product7- Display product information8- Display inventory9- ExitEnter your selection: 7
• Enter product name: sMaRt wAtChId Name Cost Quantity Retail—————————————————-3424 Smart Watch $20.45 23 $36.81//Repeat the menu after each command is executedUnit Testing:A unit test method is required to test each of the methods listed below. These methods will be used by the unit testing framework to test the accuracy of your code. InventoryManagementSecurity.AuthenticateUser InventoryManagementSecurity.AddNewUser InventoryManagementSecurity.RemoveUser InventoryManagementSecurity.ChangePassword MenuList.AddMenuItem() ProductCatalog.AddUpdateProduct(Product product) ProductCatalog.RemoveProduct(int productId) ProductCatalog.FindProduct(int productId) ProductCatalog.PrintProductInformation(int productId) ProductCatalog.PrintInventoryList()Grading: Coding standards, style and comments (10 Points) Unit testing methods x 10, (2 points for each of the methods mentioned above – 20 Points) The rest of the grade will be broken down as follows: InventoryManagementSecurity.AuthenticateUser (5 Points) InventoryManagementSecurity.AddNewUser (5 Points) InventoryManagementSecurity.RemoveUser (5 Points) InventoryManagementSecurity.ChangePassword (5 Points) MenuList.AddMenuItem() (20 Points) //This includes implementing all commands for the menu list ProductCatalog.AddUpdateProduct(Product product) (10 Points) ProductCatalog.RemoveProduct(int productId) (5 Points) ProductCatalog.FindProduct(int productId) (5 Points) ProductCatalog.PrintProductInformation(int productId) (5 Points) ProductCatalog.PrintInventoryList() (5 Points)N

 An array A contains n integers taken from the interval [0,4n], with repetitions allowed. Describe an efficient algorithm for determining an integer value k that occurs the most often in A. What is the running time of your algorithm? 2. An array A contains n−1 unique integers in the range [0,n−1], that is, there is one number from this range that is not in A. Design an O(n)-time algorithm for finding that number. You are allowed to use additional space besides the array A itself 3. In steps, find the computational complexity of the following loops: (i) for ( c = 1, i = 1 ; i <= n ; i *= 2) for (j =1 ; j <= n ; j++)  c++; (ii) for (cc = 1, i = 1 ; i <= n ; i *= 2) for (j = 1; j <= i ; j++) cc++; 

In 300 words.

 Do a bit  if research into File Inclusion Vulnerability.

• What is it?
• Why is is dangerous?
• What is the difference of low and remote inclusion?
• What methods can me employed to prevent a security breach?
• What programming languages are vulnerable to this type of attack.